Plant Details

Accepted name:

Boswellia sacra Flück. [Burseraceae]

Source of taxonomy and confidence:

World Checklist: unpublished records ( )

Information about this plant:

Plants of the World Online

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
arabian frankincense	Other	Commercially Important African Med. Plants (Van Wyk, 2015)
arbre à encens	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
arbre-à-encens	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
bakhor	Other	Handbook of Arabian Medicinal Plants (Ghazanfar, 1994) SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
beeyo	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
beio	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
bejo	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
beyo	Other	African Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1st edn. (2010) SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
bible frankincense	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
elemi d'afrique	Other	Plants of Econ. Importance (FAO, 1983)
encens oliban	Other	ISO 4720:2009 Essential oils: Nomenclature (2009)
frankincense	Other	Encyclopedia of Herb. Medicine (Bartram, 1995) GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999) Survey of Trad. Drugs Sold in Jordan (Lev, 2002) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
frankincense tree	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
gum thus	Other	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
gummi olibanum	Pharmaceutical	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
incense	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
incenso	Other	Dizionario Delle Erbe Med. (Suozzi, 1995) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
incienso	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Plants of Econ. Importance (FAO, 1983)
kondor	Other	Traditional Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
leban deker	Other	Ethnobot. & Trade of Pl. in Qaysari Market, Iraq (Mati & Boer, 2011)
liban	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
luban	Other	Handbook of Arabian Medicinal Plants (Ghazanfar, 1994) SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
luban bedowi	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
luban dakar	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
luban sceheri	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
luban sheheri	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
lubban	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
lufod	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
magher	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
maghrayt	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
makkar	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
makker	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
makur	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
maqar	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
megerot	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mgajrot	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mgar	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mgor	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mogar	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mogharah	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mogher	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mohor	Other	African Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1st edn. (2010) SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mohor ad	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mohor add	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mohor lab	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mohor lub	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mohor madow	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mohr add	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mohr madow	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mohr meddau	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mohr meddu	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
morhr	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
moxor	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
moxor add	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
moxor madow	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
muger	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mugereh	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
mughur	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
möhr add	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
möhr madow	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
najdi	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
negedi	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
nejdi	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
oil of frankincense	Other	Food Chemicals Codex (USP, 2008)
oliban	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
olibano	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
olibanum	Other, Pharmaceutical	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
olibanum frankincense	Other	ISO 4720:2009 Essential oils: Nomenclature (2009)
olibanum oil	Other	Food Chemicals Codex (USP, 2008)
olibanum-tree	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
olibán	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
olivanum	Other	Encyclopedia of Herb. Medicine (Bartram, 1995)
ru siang	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
ru xiang	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
ru xiang shu	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
ruxiang	Other	Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China. (Zhang et al., 2014)
sahaz	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
sajerat alluban	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
sali guggul	Other	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
shabi	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
shajerat al-luban	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
shazari	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
shazri	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
sheehaz	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
weihrauch	Other	Kräuter Gewürze und Heilpflanzen (Bremness, 1994) Plants of Econ. Importance (FAO, 1983)
weihrauchbaum	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
weihrauchpflanze	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
árbol del incensio	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
äkta rökelseträd	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
كندر	Other	Traditional Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
乳香	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China. (Zhang et al., 2014)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
Oleo-gum-resin		U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
	Resin:Oil	Survey of Trad. Drugs Sold in Jordan (Lev, 2002)
	gum resin	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
Resinum		Ethnobot. & Trade of Pl. in Qaysari Market, Iraq (Mati & Boer, 2011)
	Resin:Oil	Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000)
Others		Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China. (Zhang et al., 2014)
Resin		Traditional Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Resin, Bark	Essential oil, Bark resin	WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
resin exuding from the bark	dried resin exuding from the bark	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
oleo-gum-resin		Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
exudate		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
	oil	Food Chemicals Codex (USP, 2008)
	resin	Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002)
wood exudate	essential oil	ISO 4720:2009 Essential oils: Nomenclature (2009)
Oleo-Gum Resin		Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
trunk, large branch	resin	African Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1st edn. (2010)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 6 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

synonym
Boswellia bhaw-dajiana Birdw. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 144 (1870).
Boswellia carteri Birdw. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 143 (1870), nom. superfl.
Boswellia bhaw-dajiana var. serrulata Engl. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 4: 33 (1883).
Boswellia carteri var. subintegra Engl. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 4: 34 (1883).
Boswellia carteri var. undulatocrenata Engl. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 4: 33 (1883), not validly publ.
Boswellia undulatocrenata Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 448 (1913), nom. superfl.

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Boswelia carteri Birdwood	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Boswellia bhau-dajiana	SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (2015)
Boswellia bhaw-dajiana Birdw.	Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Boswellia carteri	Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Survey of Trad. Drugs Sold in Jordan (Lev, 2002) Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000)
Boswellia carteri Birdw.	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2015) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Boswellia carteri Birdwood	WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2021 (WHO-UMC, 2021)
Boswellia carterii	SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (2015) Substances in Medicines, Australia (TGA, 2007) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China. (Zhang et al., 2014) Traditional Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Boswellia carterii Birdw.	Food Chemicals Codex (USP, 2008) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Boswellia carterii Birdwood	Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002)
Boswellia sacra Flueck.	African Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1st edn. (2010) Commercially Important African Med. Plants (Van Wyk, 2015) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2015) Ethnobot. & Trade of Pl. in Qaysari Market, Iraq (Mati & Boer, 2011) GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Handbook of Arabian Medicinal Plants (Ghazanfar, 1994) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) ISO 4720:2009 Essential oils: Nomenclature (2009) SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (2015) SOTWP 2016: PROTA (2015) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Boswellia sacra Flueckiger	Dizionario Delle Erbe Med. (Suozzi, 1995) Encyclopedia of Herb. Medicine (Bartram, 1995) Kräuter Gewürze und Heilpflanzen (Bremness, 1994) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Plants of Econ. Importance (FAO, 1983) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)

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