Plant Details

Accepted name:: Croton tiglium L. [Euphorbiaceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( High Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
anjire-khatai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
arabi-erand	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ba dou	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
badou	Other	Med. Pls. Used by Maonan People in China. (Hong et al., 2015) Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China. (Zhang et al., 2014)
badoushuang	Other	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015)
bed-anjire-khatai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
berada	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bisanjeir-e-khatāyi	Other	Traditional Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
byaribittu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
byarilittu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bādòu	Other	Medicinal Plants in China (WHO, 1997)
cadalavanacu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cadel-avanacu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
campari	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cevalam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chiduram	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cirukurinca	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
citturupa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
copi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
croton	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006) PROTA: Med. Pl. Trop. Africa 1 (Schmelzer et al., 2008) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
croton cathartique	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) PROTA: Med. Pl. Trop. Africa 1 (Schmelzer et al., 2008)
croton fruit	Other	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010)
croton oil	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
croton oil plant	Other	PROTA: Med. Pl. Trop. Africa 1 (Schmelzer et al., 2008)
croton oil seed	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
croton seed	Other	Korean Pharmacopoeia, 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
croton tiglium	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
croton-oil plant	Other	Medicinal plants in Viet Nam (WHO, 1990)
crotone	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) PROTA: Med. Pl. Trop. Africa 1 (Schmelzer et al., 2008)
crotone tiglio	Other	PROTA: Med. Pl. Trop. Africa 1 (Schmelzer et al., 2008)
crotonis fructus	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015)
crotonis semen	Pharmaceutical	Korean Pharmacopoeia, 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
crotonis semen pulveratum	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015)
cróton	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
cōpi	Other	Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008)
dan rog	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
dand	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Traditional Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
danthi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
danti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
dantibija	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
dantibijah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
dantibijam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
datun	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
defatted croton seed powder	Other	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010)
den rok	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
dravanti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
dund	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
duntibeeja	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
fructus crotonis	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
habb-us-salateen	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
habbe-khatai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
habbus salateen	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
habbussalatin	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
hasbbussalatin	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
hub-ul-salatin	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jaapaalada beeja	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jaapala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jaavaala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jaepaala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jaipala	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
jaiphal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jamal gota taza	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jamal-gota	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jamalagota	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
jamalgota	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
jamalgota muddabir	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jamalgotah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jamlghota	Other	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
japal beej	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
japal beekai	Other	Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008)
japala	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
japala beeja	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
japalada	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
japalada-bija	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
japolota	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
jayapala	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008)
jayapāla (seed)	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
jempal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jepal	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008)
jepal japal	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
jepal-gota	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jepala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jepalah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jeyapal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jopaala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kanakaphala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kanibish	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008)
karchak-e-hendi	Other	Traditional Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
katalavanakku	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kattukkattai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kaypalum	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kemandah	Other	Med. Pl. Kalimantan (Caniago et al., 1998)
krotonoljeträd	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
krotonölbaum	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
maghz jamalgota	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
malaisirumallipatchilai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mogli-erand	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mukula	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008)
naepaalamu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
naepaalavemu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
naepala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
naepalvaema	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
naervalam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
naganam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nagandi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nakakenti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nakanam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nakatenti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
naypal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
neervalam	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
neervaula	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nepaala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nepal	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
nepala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nepala-vithalu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nepala-vittulu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nepalada	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nepalam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nepalamu	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
nepalavemu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nepalavitua	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nepalcha-bi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nepalo	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
neppalam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ner valam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nervaala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nervaalam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nervala	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
nervalada	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nervalalm	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nervalam	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
nervalum cottay	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nervvalam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nigumbam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nirvalam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nityavanci	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nrvalam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nākaṇam	Other	Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008)
nēpāḷam	Other	Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008)
nērvāḷam (seed)	Other	Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008)
podi arisi	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
purgative croton	Other	Medicinal plants in Viet Nam (WHO, 1990)
purgierkroton	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
purging croton	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Medicinal Plants in China (WHO, 1997) Medicinal plants in Viet Nam (WHO, 1990) PROTA: Med. Pl. Trop. Africa 1 (Schmelzer et al., 2008) Survey of Trad. Drugs Sold in Jordan (Lev, 2002) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
purging nut	Other	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
pǎ rūn	Other	Med. Plants of Limu Mountains, China (Zheng, 2013)
recakah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
salot	Other	Pl. Used in Phatthalung Province, Thailand (Maneenoon, 2015)
sambari	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sayabalam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
semen crotonis pulveratum	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
sevalamkottai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sevalangottai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
siduram	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
simanepalam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tanti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008)
tendi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tenti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tintidiphala	Other	Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008)
tintiḍīphala	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
titteriphala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tra ba nti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tra ban ti (d)	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
true croton	Other	Medicinal plants in Viet Nam (WHO, 1990)
tukhme bed anjeer khatai	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
valam	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
vanam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vāḷam	Other	Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008)
بیدانجیر خطایی	Other	Traditional Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
دند	Other	Traditional Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
کرچک هندی	Other	Traditional Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
ජයපාල	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
පොඩි අරිසි	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
དན་རོག །	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
巴豆	Other	Med. Pls. Used by Maonan People in China. (Hong et al., 2015) Medicinal Plants in China (WHO, 1997) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China. (Zhang et al., 2014)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
fruit	dried ripe fruit	Pharmacopoeia of China (2010)
leaves		Med. Plants of Limu Mountains, China (Zheng, 2013)
Seed		Survey of Trad. Drugs Sold in Jordan (Lev, 2002)
Root Bark, Leaf		Med. Pls. Used by Maonan People in China. (Hong et al., 2015)
Seed		Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China. (Zhang et al., 2014)
Seed		Traditional Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Leaves, Roots, Seeds		Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
Seed, oil		Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ripe seed	dried ripe seed	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
seed		Med. Pl. Kalimantan (Caniago et al., 1998)
seeds		Medicinal plants in Viet Nam (WHO, 1990)
seed, oil		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
Seeds		Medicinal Plants in China (WHO, 1997)
fruit	dried ripe fruit	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
seed	dried seed	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
seed	dried seed	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
seed	fixed oil	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
Fruit (Seed)		Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
seed		Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007)
seed	dried seed	Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008)
seed		Korean Pharmacopoeia, 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 20 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Croton officinalis (Klotzsch) Alston in H.Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 4(Suppl.): 264 (1931), nom. superfl.
Alchornea vaniotii H.Lév. Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan: 95 (1916).
Croton acutus Thunb. in J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg. ed. 14.: 863 (1784).
Croton arboreus Shecut Fl. Carol.: 470 (1806), nom. rej.
Croton birmanicus Müll.Arg. Linnaea 34: 112 (1865).
Croton camaza Perr. Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 3: 112 (1825).
Croton himalaicus D.G.Long Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 44: 170 (1986).
Croton jamalgota Buch.-Ham. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 258 (1824).
Croton muricatus Blanco Fl. Filip. ed. 2.: 518 (1845), nom. illeg.
Croton pavana Buch.-Ham. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 259 (1824).
Croton tiglium var. globosus J.J.Sm. in S.H.Koorders & T.Valeton, Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 12: 349 (1910).
Croton tiglium var. xiaopadou Y.T.Chang & S.Z.Huang Wuyi Sci. J. 2: 23 (1982), with two gatherings cited as type.
Croton xiaopadou H.S.Kiu J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 6: 103 (1998).
Halecus verus Raf. Sylva Tellur.: 62 (1838).
Kurkas tiglium (L.) Raf. Sylva Tellur.: 62 (1838).
Oxydectes birmanica (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 611 (1891).
Oxydectes blancoana Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 610 (1891).
Oxydectes pavana (Buch.-Ham.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 610 (1891).
Oxydectes tiglium (L.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 614 (1891).
Tiglium officinale Klotzsch Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 418 (1843).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Croton officinalis	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
Croton tiglium	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020) Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (2015) Survey of Trad. Drugs Sold in Jordan (Lev, 2002) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China. (Zhang et al., 2014) Traditional Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Croton tiglium L.	Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017) GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020) Med. & Pois. Pl. 2 (Valkenburg et al., 1999) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006) Med. Pl. Kalimantan (Caniago et al., 1998) Med. Plants of Limu Mountains, China (Zheng, 2013) Med. Pls. Used by Maonan People in China. (Hong et al., 2015) Medicinal Plants in China (WHO, 1997) Medicinal plants in Viet Nam (WHO, 1990) PROTA: Med. Pl. Trop. Africa 1 (Schmelzer et al., 2008) Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Pl. Used in Phatthalung Province, Thailand (Maneenoon, 2015) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (2015) SOTWP 2016: PROTA (2015) Siddha Pharmacopoeia India, Vol. 1 (2008) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Croton tiglium Linn.	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) SOTWP 2016: Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa (2015) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
Croton tiglium Linne	Korean Pharmacopoeia, 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012)
Croton tiglium Linné	Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007)

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