Plant Details

Accepted name:: Vincetoxicum atratum (Bunge) C.Morren & Decne. [Apocynaceae]
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Source:: World Checklist of Vascular Plants

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
bai wei	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) TCM Pl. for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
baiwei	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015) Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015)
black-end swallowwort	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
blackend swallowwort	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
blackend swallowwort root	Other	Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010)
blackened swallow-wart	Other	Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997)
blackened swallowwort root	Other	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
báiwēi	Other	Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997)
cynanchi atrati radix et rhizoma	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacop. of China (2010) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
cynanchi atrati radix et rhizomai	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacop. of China (2015)
cynanchi radix	Pharmaceutical	Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002)
cynanchum atratum	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
hunabara-so	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
pai wei	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
radix cynanchi atrati	Pharmaceutical	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
radix et rhizoma cynanchi atrati	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacop. of China (2005)
swallowwort	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
白薇	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015) Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) TCM Pl. for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
rhizome, root	dried root and rhizome	Pharmacop. of China (2010)
root	dried root and rhizome	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
Root		Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015)
root, rhizome	dried root and rhizome	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
root, rhizome		Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
Roots		Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997)
rhizome, root	dried root and rhizome	Pharmacop. of China (2005)
root		Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 13 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Cynanchum atratum Bunge Enum. Pl. China Bor.: 45 (1833).
Alexitoxicon atratum (Bunge) Pobed. Taxon 11: 174 (1862).
Antitoxicum atratum (Bunge) Pobed. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 18: 704 (1952).
Cynanchum atratum f. multinerve (Franch. & Sav.) T.Yamaz. Fl. Japan 3a: 172 (1993).
Cynanchum atratum f. viridescens H.Hara Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: 149 (1948).
Cynanchum kiyohikoanum Honda Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 46: 676 (1932).
Cynanchum multinerve (Franch. & Sav.) Matsum. Index Pl. Jap. 2(2): 510 (1912).
Cynanchum multinerve var. kiyohikoanum (Honda) Ohwi Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 83 (1953).
Cynanchum pauciflorum (Miq.) Matsum. Index Pl. Jap. 2(2): 510 (1912), nom. illeg.
Vincetoxicum atratum f. viridescens (H.Hara) Sugim. ex Yonek. J. Jap. Bot. 86: 235 (2011).
Vincetoxicum multinerve Franch. & Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 319 (1875).
Vincetoxicum multinerve var. kiyohikoanum (Honda) Kitag. J. Jap. Bot. 34: 364 (1959).
Vincetoxicum pauciflorum Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 127 (1866).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Cynanchum atratum	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007)
Cynanchum atratum Bge.	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) TCM Pl. for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011)
Cynanchum atratum Bunge	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002) Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015) Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Cynanchum stratum	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
Vincetoxicum atratum	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
Vincetoxicum atratum (Bunge) C. Morren & Decne.	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Vincetoxicum atratum (Bunge) C.Morren & Decne.	WHODrug Herbal Substances 2024 (WHO-UMC, 2024) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2021 (WHO-UMC, 2021) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020)
Vincetoxicum atratum (Bunge) Morr. & Decne.	Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Vincetoxicum atratum Moore. et Decne.	Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998)
Vincetoxicum atratum Morris et Decaisne	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)

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