Plant Details

Accepted name:: Liquidambar orientalis Mill. [Altingiaceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( High Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
3ember	Other	Ethnobot. & Trade of Pl. in Qaysari Market, Iraq (Mati & Boer, 2011)
ambar saayil	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
arabikkunturukkam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
asle-lubni	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
balm of gilead	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
buhur yağı	Other	Med. Pl. Trade Turkey (Özhatay et al., 1997)
estoraque	Other	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
günlük emmi	Other	Med. Pl. Trade Turkey (Özhatay et al., 1997)
kapitaila	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
kundurka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
levant storax	Other	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
levent storax	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
meah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
meati-lubani	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
meih-sila	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
meri-arishippal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
miah-sayelah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
miye-sāyeleh	Other	Tradit. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
neri-arishippal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
neri-arisippal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
neriyacippal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
neriyacipparceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
neriyaricippal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
oriental sweet gum	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
oriental sweet gum storax	Other	Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000)
oriental sweet gum, storax	Other	Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002)
oriental sweet-gum	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
orientalischer amberbaum	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
rasamalla	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
salajet	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shilhaka	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
sihlakah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
silaaras	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
silaras	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
silarasu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
silhaka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
storax	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)
storaxbaum	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
storaxträd	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
styrax	Pharmaceutical	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009) Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015)
styrax liquide	Other	Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
styrax liquides	Pharmaceutical	Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002)
styrax liquidis	Pharmaceutical	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
su he xiang	Other	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
suhexiang	Other	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015)
sığala yağı	Other	Med. Pl. Trade Turkey (Özhatay et al., 1997)
turushka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
turuska	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
turuskah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
turuskam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
usteruck	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
κάπνισμα	Other	Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016)
κάπνισμα του αγίου νεοφύτου	Other	Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016)
ξύλον τ‘ αφέντι	Other	Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016)
ميعه سايله	Other	Tradit. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
苏合香	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
trunk	purified balsam obtained from the trunk	Pharmacopoeia of China (2010)
gum		Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
	Resin	Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002)
stem	purified balsam from the tree trunk	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
	Oleum (waxcube)	Ethnobot. & Trade of Pl. in Qaysari Market, Iraq (Mati & Boer, 2011)
Resin		Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000)
trunk	balsam obtained from the trunk	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
Resin		Tradit. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
resin, bark		Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016)
Exudate		Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
balsam, resin, gum		Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
trunk balsam	balsam obtained from the trunk	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)
balsam		Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
resin		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
trunk	purified balsam obtained from the trunk	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
trunk	balsam	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
	resin	Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002)
	essential oil, balsam	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
exudate	essential oil	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009)
trunk	balsam obtained from the trunk	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 2 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Liquidambar imberbis Aiton Hort. Kew. 3: 365 (1789).
Liquidambar orientalis var. integriloba Fiori Ann. Reale Ist. Super. Agrar. Forest. 9: 153 (1924).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Liquidambar orientalis	Med. Pl. Trade Turkey (Özhatay et al., 1997) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007) Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000) Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002) Tradit. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Liquidambar orientalis Mill.	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017) Ethnobot. & Trade of Pl. in Qaysari Market, Iraq (Mati & Boer, 2011) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006) Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016) Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Liquidambar orientalis Miller	Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)

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