Plant Details

Accepted name:: Triticum aestivum L. [Poaceae]
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Source:: World Checklist of Vascular Plants
Infraspecies:: 5

Triticum aestivum subsp. compactum (Host) H.Messik.

Triticum aestivum subsp. macha (Dekapr. & Menabde) McKey

Triticum aestivum subsp. sphaerococcum (Percival) Mac Key

Triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum

Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta (L.) Thell.

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
aabguwan	Other	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
amylum tritici	Pharmaceutical	Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012)
arupa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bahudugdha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
blighted wheat	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
blé	Other	Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacop.: Liste A (2000)
bran	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2024 (WHO-UMC, 2024)
bread wheat	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
bugday	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
burr	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cepam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chaff	Other	Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020)
chalway	Other	Pl. for Musculoskeletal Disorders, N. Pakistan (Malik et al., 2018)
cheng ping	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
common bread wheat	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
common wheat	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998)
dro	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
fau siu mak	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
fou mai	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
fow siew mak	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
fructus tritici levis	Pharmaceutical	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
frumint	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
fu hsiao mai	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
fu siao mai	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
fu xiao ma	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
fu xiao mai	Other	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
fuxiaomai	Other	Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014)
fú xiǎo mài	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
gahu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gahum	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gahung	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gaihoon	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gam	Other	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
gandom	Other	Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
gandum	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. Pl. in Arid Regions of N. Punjab, Pakistan (Ashfaq et al., 2019) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008) Veg. Drugs in Basavarajeeyam (Suryanarayana Raju, 2001)
ganum	Other	Indig. Knwlg. of Med. Pl., Pakistan (Khan et al., 2020)
gaun	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gehu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gehub	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gehum	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Veg. Drugs in Basavarajeeyam (Suryanarayana Raju, 2001)
gehun	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
gendum	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
genhu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gieun	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
giun	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
godhi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Veg. Drugs in Basavarajeeyam (Suryanarayana Raju, 2001)
godhuma	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008) Veg. Drugs in Basavarajeeyam (Suryanarayana Raju, 2001)
godhuma-pishta	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
godhumah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
godhumulu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
godhuuma	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
godi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
godmai	Other	Veg. Drugs in Basavarajeeyam (Suryanarayana Raju, 2001)
godumai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
godumallu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
godumalu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
godumay	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
godumbaiyarisi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
godumulu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
gom	Other	Med. Pl. Marketing in Bangladesh (Dixie et al., 2003)
gotampu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gro	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
hantha	Other	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
hentah	Other	Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
hintah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
hsiao mai	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
hui mien	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
janen alqmah	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017)
ka shih tso	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
kanak	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kankainirupam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
katiratakali	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kilak bartangi	Other	Med. Pl. Use: Tajik & Afghan Pamirs (Kassam et al., 2010)
kodumai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kollaimutirai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kotamayava	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kotampu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kotampum	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kotanpam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kothumai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kotimam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kotumai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kotumpai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kshiri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kunak	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kurank	Other	Pl. for Musculoskeletal Disorders, N. Pakistan (Malik et al., 2018)
lai	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
light wheat grain	Other	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
madhuli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mahagodhuma	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mai ch'ao	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
mai fu	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
mai fu tzu	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
makacali	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
man tou	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
mien	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
mien chin	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
mien fen	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
mikupalam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mileccacakam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mileccacam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mileccai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mileccaram	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mlenchhabhojana	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mo mo	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
mài lái	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
nantamuki	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nihsuki	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
niksuki	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nishasta-e-gandum	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
nistusha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pai mien	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
pivla-potia	Other	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
rasala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
refined wheat-germ oil	Other	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacop. 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
saman	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
semolina	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
sitári	Other	Med. Pl. Use: Monasteries on Cyprus (Lardos & Heinrich, 2013)
straw	Other	Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020)
sumana	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
talamatitam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tamilam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
taniyarajan	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
trigo	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019) Pl. Res. of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico (Casas et al., 2001)
tritici aestivi oleum raffinatum	Pharmaceutical	European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012)
tritici aestivi oleum virginale	Pharmaceutical	European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012)
tritici amylum	Pharmaceutical	European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012)
tritici levis fructus	Pharmaceutical	Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
tritici levis semen	Pharmaceutical	Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002)
turankappiriyam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
turankikam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tuymusti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vatattata	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
virgin wheat-germ oil	Other	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacop. 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
vodka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
weizen	Other	Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021)
wheat	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. Pl. Marketing in Bangladesh (Dixie et al., 2003) Med. Pl. Use: Tajik & Afghan Pamirs (Kassam et al., 2010) National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
wheat bran	Other	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 43 (2020)
wheat flour	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
wheat germ	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
wheat starch	Other	British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
wheat-germ oil	Other	WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
wheat-germ oil, refined	Other	European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012)
wheat-germ oil, virgin	Other	European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012)
wheatgrass	Other	Fresh Med. Pl. in Singapore (Siew et al., 2014)
xiao mai cao	Other	Fresh Med. Pl. in Singapore (Siew et al., 2014)
xiǎo mài	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
xiǎo mài cǎo	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
yava	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
yavai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
yavana	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
σιτάρι	Other	Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016)
حنطه	Other	Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
نينج حمقلا	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017)
گندم	Other	Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
གྲོ།	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
‫قمح‬	Other	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
小麦	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
小麦草	Other	Fresh Med. Pl. in Singapore (Siew et al., 2014) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
浮小麥	Other	Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
浮小麦	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
麦来	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
caryopsis		British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
fruit		Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacop.: Liste A (2000)
grain	dried blighted caryopsis	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
seed	outer fraction of the cereal grain, comprising the pericarp, seed coat (testa), nucellar tissue, and aleurone layer	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
Seed		Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Seeds, husk		Pl. for Musculoskeletal Disorders, N. Pakistan (Malik et al., 2018)
Fruits, Seeds		Med. Pl. in Arid Regions of N. Punjab, Pakistan (Ashfaq et al., 2019)
Sprout, Seed, Pollen, Fruit, Germ, Grass, Seed coat	Sprout oil, Oil, Germ oil, Fibre	WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019)
seed		Med. Pl. Use: Monasteries on Cyprus (Lardos & Heinrich, 2013)
seeds		Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016)
Seeds		Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
fruit of the caryopsis	light and shriveled fruit of the dried caryopsis	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
caryopsis	Mature caryopsis which are light and float	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Seed		Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017)
Husk		Indig. Knwlg. of Med. Pl., Pakistan (Khan et al., 2020)
fruit, seed		Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019)
	oil	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
leaves		Fresh Med. Pl. in Singapore (Siew et al., 2014)
germ	oil	WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
germ, seed, fruit, grass, seed coat	fibre	WHODrug Herbal Substances 2024 (WHO-UMC, 2024)
grain	outer fraction of the cereal grain (comprising the pericarp, seed coat (testa), nucellar tissue, and aleurone layer)	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 43 (2020)
seed	fatty oil	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008)
seed	granules	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 32 (2008)
seed	starch	European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007)
seed	starch granules	Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006)
grain		Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002)
seed		Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
seed	starch granules	Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007)
seed	starch granules	Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012)
seed	Wheat starch is obtained from the caryopsis	European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012)
seed	outer fraction of the cereal grain, comprising the pericarp, seed coat (testa), nucellar tissue, and aleurone layer	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 37 (2013)
caryopsis		Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014)
caryopsis	starch	Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 15 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Triticum sativum Lam. Fl. Franç. 3: 625 (1779), nom. superfl.
Triticum vulgare Vill. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 2: 153 (1787), nom. superfl.
Frumentum triticum E.H.L.Krause Bot. Centralbl. 73: 339 (1898), nom. superfl.
Triticum aestivum proles vulgare Thell. Naturwiss. Wochenschr., n.f., 17: 471 (1918), not validly publ.
Triticum aestivum subsp. vulgare Thell. Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 142 (1912), not validly publ.
Triticum aristatum Schübl. Diss. Char. Descr. Cereal.: 11 (1818), nom. superfl.
Triticum aristatum aestivum (L.) Schübl. Diss. Char. Descr. Cereal.: 12 (1818), nom. inval.
Triticum cereale var. aestivum (L.) Klett & Richt. Fl. Leipzig: 118 (1830).
Triticum sativum var. aestivum (L.) Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 109 (1805), not validly publ.
Triticum sativum var. vulgare Desv. Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat.: 162 (1833), not validly publ.
Triticum sativum subsp. vulgare (Vill.) P.Fourn. Quatre Fl. France: 89 (1934), not validly publ.
Triticum vulgare var. aestivum (L.) Willd. Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 1: 133 (1809), not validly publ.
Triticum vulgare subsp. aestivum (L.) Arcang. Comp. Fl. Ital.: 803 (1882), nom. illeg.
Triticum vulgare var. aristatum Döll Rhein. Fl.: 70 (1843), not validly publ.
Triticum vulgare convar. aristatum Alef. Landw. Fl.: 330 (1866), not validly publ.

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Triticum vulgare	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Triticum aestivum	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007)
Triticum aestivum L	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Triticum aestivum L.	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacop. 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) Checklist of Korean Cult. Pl. (Mun-Chan et al., 1986) European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012) Fresh Med. Pl. in Singapore (Siew et al., 2014) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indig. Knwlg. of Med. Pl., Pakistan (Khan et al., 2020) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020) Med. Herbs Israel (Said et al., 2002) Med. Pl. Use: Monasteries on Cyprus (Lardos & Heinrich, 2013) Med. Pl. Use: Tajik & Afghan Pamirs (Kassam et al., 2010) Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017) Med. Pl. in Arid Regions of N. Punjab, Pakistan (Ashfaq et al., 2019) Med. Pl. in the Medit.: Project Rubia (Gonzalez-Tejero et al., 2008) Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016) National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014) Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998) Pl. Res. of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico (Casas et al., 2001) Pl. for Musculoskeletal Disorders, N. Pakistan (Malik et al., 2018) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 43 (2020) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2024 (WHO-UMC, 2024) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Triticum aestivum L., nom. cons.	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
Triticum aestivum Linn	Veg. Drugs in Basavarajeeyam (Suryanarayana Raju, 2001)
Triticum aestivum Linn.	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
Triticum aestivum Linne	Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012)
Triticum aestivum Linné	Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002) Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 32 (2008)
Triticum sativum	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
Triticum sativum Lam.	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019)
Triticum sativum Lamk.	Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacop.: Liste A (2000)
Triticum vulgare	Med. Fitoterápicos no Brasil (Carvalho et al., 2008) Med. Pl. Marketing in Bangladesh (Dixie et al., 2003) Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Triticum vulgare Vill.	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017)
Triticum vulgare Villars	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Triticum vulgare Will.	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)

The following online resources may contain further information about this plant. Please click on any link to search that resource. You may search using the accepted name alone OR using the accepted name and all of its synonyms simultaneously.