Plant Details

Accepted name:: Papaver somniferum subsp. somniferum [Papaveraceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( Medium Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Infraspecies of:: Papaver somniferum L.
Infraspecies:: 2

Papaver somniferum nothosubsp. authemanii (Rouy) B.Bock

Papaver somniferum subsp. setigerum (DC.) Arcang.

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
opium	Other	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)
ḵišḵâš	Other	Med. Pl. Yemen (Fleurentin & Pelt, 1982)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
fruit	air-dried milky exudate from unripe capsules	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
capsules	exudate obtained by incising the unripe capsules	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)
fruit	exudate	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
seed, capsule	latex	Med. Pl. Yemen (Fleurentin & Pelt, 1982)
fruit	air-dried milky exudate	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 66 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Papaver somniferum var. album (Mill.) DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 82 (1821).
Papaver somniferum var. nigrum DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 82 (1821).
Papaver album Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 9 (1768).
Papaver album-nigrum Crantz Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 2: 129 (1763).
Papaver amoenum Lindl. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 25(Misc.): 56 (1839).
Papaver amplexicaule Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 181 (1812).
Papaver apodocarpum Hussenot Chard. Nanc.: 38 (1835).
Papaver glabrum Gilib. Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 213 (1782), opus utique oppr.
Papaver glaucum var. leucum Rothm. Physis (Buenos Aires) 20: 239 (1954).
Papaver hortense Garsault Fig. Pl. Méd.: t. 106 (1764), opus utique rej.
Papaver hortense Hussenot Chard. Nanc.: 39 (1835).
Papaver indehiscens Dumort. Fl. Belg.: 130 (1827).
Papaver nigrum Bubani Fl. Pyren. 3: 267 (1901).
Papaver nigrum Garsault Fig. Pl. Méd.: t. 440 (1764), opus utique rej.
Papaver officinale C.C.Gmel. Fl. Bad. 2: 479 (1806).
Papaver officinale var. monstrosum Göpp. Index Seminum (WROCL, Wratislaviensi) 1851: 2 (1851).
Papaver opiiferum Forssk. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: cxiii (1775).
Papaver opiiferum var. album DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 82 (1821).
Papaver paeoniiflorum (Alef.) Corrêa Dicc. Pl. Ut. Bras. 1: 84 (1926).
Papaver polycephalum E.Vilm. Fl. Pleine Terre: 594 (1863).
Papaver setigerum var. nigrum (Garsault) P.Fourn. Quatre Fl. France: 372 (1936).
Papaver somniferum f. album (Mill.) Kuntze Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 157 (1887).
Papaver somniferum convar. album (Mill.) Alef. Landw. Fl.: 228 (1866).
Papaver somniferum var. apodocarpum (Hussenot) Alef. Landw. Fl.: 228 (1866).
Papaver somniferum var. austroviolaceum Vessel. Trudy Prikl. Bot. 55: 195 (1975).
Papaver somniferum var. caesium Alef. Landw. Fl.: 229 (1866).
Papaver somniferum var. dinocarpum Alef. Landw. Fl.: 228 (1866).
Papaver somniferum f. dissectum Kuntze Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 157 (1887).
Papaver somniferum convar. drogist (Basil. & Zhuk.) Vessel. Trudy Prikl. Bot. 55: 205 (1975).
Papaver somniferum var. genuinovilaceum Vessel. Trudy Prikl. Bot. 55: 198 (1975).
Papaver somniferum var. glabrum Boiss. Fl. Orient. 1: 116 (1867).
Papaver somniferum var. griseum Alef. Landw. Fl.: 229 (1866).
Papaver somniferum var. haageanum Alef. Landw. Fl.: 229 (1866).
Papaver somniferum subsp. hortense Arcang. Comp. Fl. Ital.: 25 (1882).
Papaver somniferum var. hortense (Hussenot) Rouy & Foucaud Fl. France 1: 153 (1893).
Papaver somniferum subsp. hortense (Hussenot) Syme in J.E.Smith, Engl. Bot., ed. 3, 1: 82 (1863).
Papaver somniferum var. hortense (Hussenot) Alef. Landw. Fl.: 228 (1866).
Papaver somniferum var. hussenotii Alef. Landw. Fl.: 228 (1866).
Papaver somniferum convar. indicum Vessel. Trudy Prikl. Bot. 55: 206 (1975), without type.
Papaver somniferum f. laciniatum Kuntze Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 156 (1887).
Papaver somniferum var. leucum (Rothm.) K.Hammer Feddes Repert. 98: 555 (1987).
Papaver somniferum var. luteum Alef. Landw. Fl.: 229 (1866).
Papaver somniferum f. marginatum Kuntze Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 157 (1887).
Papaver somniferum monstrosum Van Houtte ex T.Moore Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 1: 321 (1860).
Papaver somniferum subsp. nigrum Schübl. & G.Martens Fl. Würtemberg: 349 (1834), nom. illeg.
Papaver somniferum subsp. nigrum (DC.) Thell. Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 8: 903 (1908).
Papaver somniferum f. nigrum (DC.) Kuntze Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 157 (1887).
Papaver somniferum convar. nigrum (DC.) Alef. Landw. Fl.: 228 (1866).
Papaver somniferum subsp. officinale (C.C.Gmel.) Bonnier & Layens Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 12 (1894).
Papaver somniferum proles officinale (C.C.Gmel.) Rouy & Foucaud Fl. France 1: 153 (1893).
Papaver somniferum var. officinale (C.C.Gmel.) Alef. Landw. Fl.: 228 (1866).
Papaver somniferum convar. opiiferum (Forssk.) Vessel. Trudy Prikl. Bot. 55: 193 (1975).
Papaver somniferum subsp. opiiferum (Forssk.) Juel, Cedergr. & Örtendahl Index Seminum (UPS, Upsaliensi) 1913: 15 (1914).
Papaver somniferum var. paeoniiflorum Alef. Landw. Fl.: 228 (1866).
Papaver somniferum f. poecilospermum (Alef.) Kuntze Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 157 (1887).
Papaver somniferum convar. poecilospermum Alef. Landw. Fl.: 229 (1866).
Papaver somniferum var. pullatum Vessel. Trudy Prikl. Bot. 55: 205 (1975).
Papaver somniferum var. quassandum Alef. Landw. Fl.: 229 (1866).
Papaver somniferum var. roseum Alef. Landw. Fl.: 229 (1866).
Papaver somniferum var. rubellum Vessel. Trudy Prikl. Bot. 55: 207 (1975).
Papaver somniferum var. stipitatum (Hussenot) Alef. Landw. Fl.: 228 (1866).
Papaver somniferum convar. tarbagataicum (Basil.) Vessel. Trudy Prikl. Bot. 55: 201 (1975).
Papaver somniferum f. tricolor Kuntze Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 157 (1887).
Papaver somniferum var. violiflorum Vessel. Trudy Prikl. Bot. 55: 207 (1975).
Papaver stipitatum Hussenot Chard. Nanc.: 39 (1835).
Papaver sylvestre Godr. Mém. Soc. Émul. Doubs, sér. 2, 5: 23 (1854).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Papaver somniferum L. subsp. somniferum	Ethnobot. in W Granada Province, Spain (Benítez et al., 2010)
Papaver somniferum L. var. album De Candolle	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)
Papaver somniferum L. var. nigrum DC.	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Papaver somniferum Linné var. album De Candolle	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
Papaver somniferum Linné variety album De Candolle	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013)
Papaver somniferum var album	SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015)
Papaver somniferum var. album L.	Med. Pl. Yemen (Fleurentin & Pelt, 1982)

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