Plant Details

Accepted name:: Rosa × damascena Herrm. [Rosaceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( Medium Taxonomic Confidence )

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
arakkuroja	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
arq gulab	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
arq-i-gulab	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
atimanjula	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ativitakikacceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ativitakikam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bussorah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
civappuccirramarai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
civappuroca	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
civappuroja	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
damascus rose	Other	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
damask rose	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
damast roos	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
damaszener rose	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
fasti gulab	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
four-seasons rose	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
gol-e mohammadi	Other	Survey in Kohghiluyeh va Boyer Ahmad, Iran (Mosaddegh, 2012)
golap	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
golappu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gul surkh	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gul-e-surkh	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
gul-e-surkh (ward,gulab)	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gul-i surkh	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gul-i-gaozaban	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gul-i-surkh	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gul-surkh	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gulaabi poovvu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gulab	Other	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. Pl. in Arid Regions of N. Punjab, Pakistan (Ashfaq et al., 2019) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
gulab ke taze phool	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gulab-ke-phul	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gulabi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gulabihuvu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gulabipuvvu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gulad	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gulqand gulab	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gulqand-gulab	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
irosa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kulapi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kulapu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kynorodac	Other	The Herbal Market of Cyprus (Karousou & Deirmentzoglou, 2011)
lakshapushpa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mahakumari	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
moshamee gulab	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
oil of rose	Other	ISO Catalogue (2009)
paneer roja	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
paninirpushpam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
panneer	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
panneer gulaabi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pannir	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pannirpu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
panniru	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
panniruppu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
penimirpushpam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
portland rose	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
portland-rose	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
rajappu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rodopetalad	Other	The Herbal Market of Cyprus (Karousou & Deirmentzoglou, 2011)
roghan gul	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
roja	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
roja mottu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rojahu	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
rojapoo	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
rojappu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rojapuvu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rojapuvvu	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
rosa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rosa damascena	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
rosa francesa	Other	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
rosa rubra	Other	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
rosa vermelha	Other	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
rosa-pálida	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
rosappoovu	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
rose	Other	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009) ISO Catalogue (2009) Les Plantes Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
rose flowers	Other	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
rose of castile	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
rose oil	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018-2019) Food Chemicals Codex, 6th Edn. (USP, 2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
rose-de-damasco	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
roses	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
rosier de damas	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
ruh gulab	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
satapatri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shatadala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shatapatri	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shatapatrika	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
soumyagandha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sudburg	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sumana	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
suoritta	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
surkh gulab ki pankhriyan	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sushita	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tarana	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tharana	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
triantafylliá	Other	Med. Pl. Use: Monasteries on Cyprus (Lardos & Heinrich, 2013)
ward	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
york-and-lancaster rose	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
τριανταφυλλιά	Other	Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
flower bud		Les Plantes Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
Flower		Survey in Kohghiluyeh va Boyer Ahmad, Iran (Mosaddegh, 2012)
flower	volatile oil distilled from fresh flowers	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
Petals, Buds		Med. Pl. in Arid Regions of N. Punjab, Pakistan (Ashfaq et al., 2019)
fruits, petals		The Herbal Market of Cyprus (Karousou & Deirmentzoglou, 2011)
petals, fruit, leaf	hydrolate, essential oil	Med. Pl. Use: Monasteries on Cyprus (Lardos & Heinrich, 2013)
petals, fruit, leaf	rose water, essential oil	Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016)
flowers	fresh flowers	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018-2019)
flower, ess. oil		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
flower	oil	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th Edn. (USP, 2008)
flower	oil	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
flower	dried flower, intact and separated	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
	oil	ISO Catalogue (2009)
flower	vegetal drug, fluid extract, essential oil	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
flower	essential oil	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009)
Flower, Petals, Oils		Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
flower	volatile oil distilled from fresh flowers	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 40 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Rosa gallica var. damascena (Herrm.) Voss Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3. 1: 254 (1894).
Rosa gallica f. trigintipetala Dieck Gartenflora 38: 129 (1889).
Rosa × belgica Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: Rosa n.° 17 (1768).
Rosa × belgica blanda Andrews Roses 1: t. 37 (1805).
Rosa × bella-donna Andrews Roses 1: t. 16 (1806).
Rosa × belladonna var. floreminore Andrews Roses 1: t. 17 (1806), not validly publ.
Rosa × bifera (Poir.) Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 48 (1806).
Rosa × bifera alba Thory in P.J.Redouté & C.A.Thory, Roses 1: 121 (1818).
Rosa × bifera macrocarpa Thory Prodr. Monogr. Rosier: 84 (1820).
Rosa × bifera officinalis Thory in P.J.Redouté & C.A.Thory, Roses 1: 107 (1818).
Rosa × bifera variegata Thory in P.J.Redouté & C.A.Thory, Roses 3: 85 (1823).
Rosa × calendarum Münchh. ex Borkh. Vers. Forstbot. Beschr.: 330 (1790).
Rosa × calendarum var. multiplex-alba Ser. Mél. Bot. 1: 24 (1818).
Rosa × calendarum var. multiplex-rosea Ser. Mél. Bot. 1: 23 (1818).
Rosa × centifolia var. bifera Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 276 (1804).
Rosa × damascena aurora Thory in P.J.Redouté & C.A.Thory, Roses 2: 41 (1820).
Rosa × damascena var. balcanica (Prodán) Prodán in T.Săvulescu, Fl. Republ. Popul. Române 4: 819 (1956).
Rosa × damascena var. bifera Regel Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 380 (1878).
Rosa × damascena celsiana Thory in P.J.Redouté & C.A.Thory, Roses 2: 53 (1820).
Rosa × damascena coccinea Thory in P.J.Redouté & C.A.Thory, Roses 1: 109 (1818).
Rosa × damascena var. densiflora Ser. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 621 (1825).
Rosa × damascena f. floribus-simplicibus Focke Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 66 (1911).
Rosa × damascena italica Thory in P.J.Redouté & C.A.Thory, Roses 3: 37 (1821).
Rosa × damascena var. laxiflora Ser. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 621 (1825).
Rosa × damascena var. officinalis (Thory) Ser. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 621 (1825).
Rosa × damascena var. prolifera Ser. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 621 (1825).
Rosa × damascena var. pumila Ser. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 621 (1825).
Rosa × damascena var. semperflorens G.D.Rowley Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 29: 206 (1959).
Rosa × damascena var. subalba Redouté in P.J.Redouté & C.A.Thory, Roses livr. 13: t. A (1817-1824).
Rosa × damascena f. trigintipetala Dieck ex Koehne Deut. Dendrol.: 282 (1893).
Rosa × damascena f. trigintipetala (Dieck) R.Keller in P.F.A.Ascherson & K.O.R.Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6(1): 52 (1900).
Rosa × damascena var. typica Regel Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 379 (1878), not validly publ.
Rosa × damascena var. variegata (Rössig) Mill. Fig. Pl. Gard. Dict. ed. 3.: 53 (1806).
Rosa × damascena monstr. variegata Rössig Rosen: t. 33 (1802).
Rosa × damascena variegata (Rössig) Andrews Roses 1: t. 48 (1810).
Rosa × damascena versicolor Weston Bot. Univ. 1: 249 (1770).
Rosa × damascena f. versicolor (Weston) Rehder Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 300 (1949).
Rosa × multiflora Wrede ex Rössig Oekon.-Bot. Beschr. Rosen 1: 68 (1799), nom. illeg.
Rosa × portlandia Andrews Roses 1: t. 19 (1806).
Rosa × provincialis var. basilica C.F.Ludw. Neuere Wilde Baumz.: 43 (1783), nom. nud.

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Rosa damascena	Substances in Medicines, Australia (TGA, 2007)
Rosa damascena Mill.	Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Les Plantes Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006) Med. Pl. Use: Monasteries on Cyprus (Lardos & Heinrich, 2013) Med. Pl. in the Mediterranean: Project Rubia (Gonzalez-Tejero et al., 2008) Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016) Survey in Kohghiluyeh va Boyer Ahmad, Iran (Mosaddegh, 2012) The Herbal Market of Cyprus (Karousou & Deirmentzoglou, 2011) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Rosa damascena Miller	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018-2019) Food Chemicals Codex, 6th Edn. (USP, 2008) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
Rosa damascena P. Mill.	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Rosa x damascena	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
Rosa x damascena Herrm.	WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2021 (WHO-UMC, 2021)
Rosa x damascena Mill.	Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009)
Rosa x damascena Miller	ISO Catalogue (2009)
Rosa x damascena P. Mill.	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Rosa × damascena Herrm.	Med. Pl. in Arid Regions of N. Punjab, Pakistan (Ashfaq et al., 2019)
Rosa ×damascena Herrm.	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)

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