Plant Details

Accepted name:: Sonchus oleraceus L. [Asteraceae]
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Source:: World Checklist of Vascular Plants

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
aakadiyo	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
achicoria	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
akadiyo	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
alface-do-mato	Other	Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007) Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008)
annual sow thistle	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
annual sow-thistle	Other	GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
annual sowthistle	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
barbalha	Other	Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007) Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008)
bono sa lekhoaba	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
bono-sa-lekxwaba	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
cerraja	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007) Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019)
chicoree marron	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
chicória-brava	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
chopalu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chá cǎo	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
common milk thistle	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
common sawthistle	Other	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
common sow thistle	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
common sow-thistle	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
common sowthistle	Other	Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
dian ku cai	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
dodak	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
dodaka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
dudhaali	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
dudhi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
dudhkani	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
dudila	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
dudiya	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
duudhi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
esek marulu	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
etalaleka linini	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
false brassica	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
galatóhorto	Other	Med. Pl. Use: Monasteries on Cyprus (Lardos & Heinrich, 2013)
gansedistel	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
hare's-lettuce	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
hawwa	Other	Handbook of Arabian Med. Pl. (Ghazanfar, 1994)
idwangubane	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
idwingabane	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
ihahabe	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
ihlaba	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
ingabe	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
irwabe	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
irwabe labantu	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
irwabe lenyoka	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
irwabe lethafa	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
janapakho	Other	Ethnobot. of Med. Pl. in La Paz, Bolivia (Macía et al., 2005)
ja’adeed	Other	Med. Pl. in Jordan (Oran, 1998)
jo'dhaidh	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
jīn cài	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
k'u ts'ai	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
khuwaysh	Other	Handbook of Arabian Med. Pl. (Ghazanfar, 1994)
kohl-gänsedistel	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
ku cai	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
ku ju cai	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
kålmolke	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
kǔ cài	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
kǔ mǎi	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
laiteron	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
laiteron potager	Other	GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
lechuguilla	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
lechuguillo	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
lesabe	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
lesese	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
libyan	Other	Med. Pl. in Jordan (Oran, 1998)
melkdissel	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mhatara	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
milk thistle	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
milkthistle	Other	Med. Pl. of Yaegl Community, Australia. (Packer et al., 2012)
milkweed	Other	Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. Pl. of Yaegl Community, Australia. (Packer et al., 2012)
mlaba	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mshunga	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
msunga	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
naayi hakkarike	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
odaid	Other	Handbook of Arabian Med. Pl. (Ghazanfar, 1994)
odeid	Other	Handbook of Arabian Med. Pl. (Ghazanfar, 1994) Med. Pl. in Jordan (Oran, 1998)
paku hadu hammang	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pathari	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pypdissel	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
quelite de envidia	Other	Pl. Res. of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico (Casas et al., 2001)
rathrinta	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ratrinta	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rwabe	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
samaka	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Indig. Taiwan (CCMP, 2003)
saudistel	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
seidissel	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
serralha	Other	Med. Pl. Traded in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Leitão et al., 2014)
serralha-lisa	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007) Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008)
sethokojane	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
shashe	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
smooth sow thistle	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
smouth saw thistle	Other	Food Pl. in Seven Circum-Medit. Areas (Hadjichambis et al., 2009)
sonchos	Other	Wild Edible Pl. of Paphos & Larnaca of Cyprus (Della et al., 2006)
sonchus oleraceus whole	Other	Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) (FDA/NCATS, 2024)
sow thistle	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
sow-thistle	Other	Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
sowthistle	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
suidissel	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
suigdissel	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
sónghos	Other	Med. Pl. Use: Monasteries on Cyprus (Lardos & Heinrich, 2013)
t'u	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
thistle	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
thistle, milky	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
thistle, tufty	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
tiān xiāng cài	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
tshóhhos	Other	Med. Pl. Use: Monasteries on Cyprus (Lardos & Heinrich, 2013)
tshónghos	Other	Med. Pl. Use: Monasteries on Cyprus (Lardos & Heinrich, 2013)
tsiofos	Other	Wild Edible Pl. of Paphos & Larnaca of Cyprus (Della et al., 2006)
tsionchos	Other	Wild Edible Pl. of Paphos & Larnaca of Cyprus (Della et al., 2006)
tuindissel	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
ucittakarai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
uddaid	Other	Trad. Med. Pl. of Al-Rass, Saudi Arabia (El-Ghazali et al., 2010) Trad. Use of Ethnomed. Pl. of Saudi Arabia (Aati et al., 2019)
wild thistle	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
wilde latuw	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
xabexabe	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
zǐ kǔ cài	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
τζιόγχος	Other	Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016)
τζιόχχος	Other	Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016)
اوديد	Other	Med. Pl. in Jordan (Oran, 1998)
جعديد	Other	Med. Pl. in Jordan (Oran, 1998)
لبيان	Other	Med. Pl. in Jordan (Oran, 1998)
‫جعضيض‬	Other	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
堇菜	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
天香菜	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
滇苦菜	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
紫苦菜	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
苦苣菜	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Indig. Taiwan (CCMP, 2003)
苦荬	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
苦菜	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Indig. Taiwan (CCMP, 2003) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
苦賈菜	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Indig. Taiwan (CCMP, 2003)
茶草	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
Leaf		Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007)
latex, sap	resin	Med. Pl. of Yaegl Community, Australia. (Packer et al., 2012)
aerial part		Wild Edible Pl. of Paphos & Larnaca of Cyprus (Della et al., 2006)
leaves		Food Pl. in Seven Circum-Medit. Areas (Hadjichambis et al., 2009)
aerial part		Med. Pl. Use: Monasteries on Cyprus (Lardos & Heinrich, 2013)
above ground parts, leaf, stem		Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016)
whole shoot system		Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Leaves, flowers		Trad. Use of Ethnomed. Pl. of Saudi Arabia (Aati et al., 2019)
aerial part, leaf		Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019)
leaves, stem		Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
whole plant		Ethnobot. of Med. Pl. in La Paz, Bolivia (Macía et al., 2005)
whole plant, whole plant		Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
whole plant		Med. Pl. in Jordan (Oran, 1998)
leaf		Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008)
leaf		Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 43 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Sonchus sundaicus Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 888 (1826).
Carduus amplexicaulis Noronha Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 11 (1790), nom. nud.
Sonchus angustissimus Hook.f. J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 203 (1863).
Sonchus ciliatus Lam. Fl. Franç. 2: 87 (1779).
Sonchus ciliatus var. subbipinnatifidus Guss. Enum. Pl. Inarim.: 196 (1854).
Sonchus fabrae Sennen Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 28: 114 (1929).
Sonchus glaber Gilib. Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 242 (1782), opus utique oppr.
Sonchus gracilis Phil. Anales Univ. Chile 87: 325 (1894).
Sonchus gracilis Sennen in É.M.G.Sennen & H.Mauricio, Cat. Fl. Rif Orient.: 72 (1933), not validly publ.
Sonchus lacerus Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 3: 1513 (1803).
Sonchus laevis Garsault Fig. Pl. Méd. 4: t. 564 (1764), opus utique oppr.
Sonchus laevis Vill. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 3(1): 158 (1788).
Sonchus longifolius Trevir. Index Seminum (WROCL, Wratislaviensi) 1818: 6 (1818).
Sonchus macrotus Fenzl Flora 27: 312 (1844), not validly publ.
Sonchus mairei H.Lév. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 284 (1913).
Sonchus maritimus Moc. & Sessé Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 177 (1894), nom. illeg.
Sonchus oleraceus var. angustifolius Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 419 (1821 publ. 1822).
Sonchus oleraceus subsp. angustissimus H.Lindb. Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2): 169 (1932).
Sonchus oleraceus var. integrifolius Wallr. Sched. Crit.: 432 (1822).
Sonchus oleraceus var. integrifolius Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 419 (1821 publ. 1822).
Sonchus oleraceus var. lacerus (Willd.) Wallr. Sched. Crit.: 432 (1822).
Sonchus oleraceus var. laciniatus Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 419 (1821 publ. 1822).
Sonchus oleraceus var. laevis L. Sp. Pl.: 794 (1753).
Sonchus oleraceus var. latifolius Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 419 (1821 publ. 1822).
Sonchus oleraceus var. litoralis P.D.Sell Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 4: 532 (2006), nom. illeg.
Sonchus oleraceus f. runcinatus Fiori in A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia 3: 417 (1904).
Sonchus oleraceus var. subrotundus Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 419 (1821 publ. 1822).
Sonchus oleraceus var. triangularis Wallr. Sched. Crit.: 432 (1822).
Sonchus pallescens Pančić Elench. Pl. Vasc.: 55 (1875).
Sonchus parviflorus Lej. ex Rchb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 274 (1831).
Sonchus plumieri Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 178 (1894), nom. illeg.
Sonchus reversus E.Mey. ex DC. Prodr. 7: 186 (1838).
Sonchus rivularis Phil. Linnaea 30: 194 (1859).
Sonchus roseus Besser ex Spreng. Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 3: 651 (1826).
Sonchus royleanus DC. Prodr. 7: 184 (1838).
Sonchus runcinatus (Fiori) Zenari Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 31: 11 (1924), nom. illeg.
Sonchus schimperi A.Braun & C.D.Bouché Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1857(App.): 1 (1857).
Sonchus schmidianus K.Koch Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1853(App.): 12 (1853), nom. superfl.
Sonchus spinulifolius Sennen in É.M.G.Sennen & H.Mauricio, Cat. Fl. Rif Orient.: 72 (1933), not validly publ.
Sonchus subbipinnatifidus (Guss.) Zenari Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 31: 9 (1924).
Sonchus tenerrimus Schur Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 371 (1866), not validly publ.
Sonchus umbellifer Thunb. Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 139 (1800).
Sonchus zacinthoides DC. Prodr. 7: 184 (1838).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Sonchus olearaceus L.	Med. Pl. Use: Monasteries on Cyprus (Lardos & Heinrich, 2013) Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016)
Sonchus oleraceus	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Sonchus oleraceus (L.) L.	Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2024)
Sonchus oleraceus L .	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
Sonchus oleraceus L.	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Ethnobot. in W Granada Province, Spain (Benítez et al., 2010) Ethnobot. of Med. Pl. in La Paz, Bolivia (Macía et al., 2005) Food Pl. in Seven Circum-Medit. Areas (Hadjichambis et al., 2009) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) (FDA/NCATS, 2024) Handbook of Arabian Med. Pl. (Ghazanfar, 1994) Hepatoprotective Native Pl. in Brazilian Med. (Antunes et al., 2022) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007) Med. Pl. Latin America (Duke, 2009) Med. Pl. Traded in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Leitão et al., 2014) Med. Pl. Used by Indig. Taiwan (CCMP, 2003) Med. Pl. in Jordan (Oran, 1998) Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007) Med. Pl. in Sardinia & Sicily: Sardinian Subset (Leonti et al., 2009) Med. Pl. in Sardinia & Sicily: Sicilian Subset (Leonti et al., 2009) Med. Pl. in the Medit.: Project Rubia (Gonzalez-Tejero et al., 2008) Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008) Med. Pl. of Yaegl Community, Australia. (Packer et al., 2012) Med. and Magical Pl. of S Africa (Arnold et al., 2002) Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998) Orders & Families of Med. Pl. in Philippines (Carag & Buot, 2017) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Pl. Res. of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico (Casas et al., 2001) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020) Trad. Med. Pl. of Al-Rass, Saudi Arabia (El-Ghazali et al., 2010) Trad. Use of Ethnomed. Pl. of Saudi Arabia (Aati et al., 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2025) Wild Edible Pl. of Paphos & Larnaca of Cyprus (Della et al., 2006) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Sonchus oleraceus Linn.	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
Sonchus oleraceus Linnaeus	World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Sonchus sundaicus	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020)

The following online resources may contain further information about this plant. Please click on any link to search that resource. You may search using the accepted name alone OR using the accepted name and all of its synonyms simultaneously.