Plant Details

Accepted name:: Xanthium strumarium L. [Asteraceae]
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Source:: World Checklist of Vascular Plants

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
a nta rga la	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
aartagala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
aattu otta thalai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
adhasisi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
anjang	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
arishta	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
arista	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
aristam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
badake chorant	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
bana-okraa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
banokara	Other	Pl. for Snake/Scorpion Bite, N Pakistan (Butt et al., 2015)
banokra	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bhangra	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bhargi	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
bhende kuro	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
bhulagna	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bichhu-butti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bonakra	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bonokra	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
brahma-dundi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
broad cocklebur	Other	Med. Pl. in Viet Nam (WHO, 1990)
buah anjang	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
bur weed	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
burweed	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
byis tsher	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
cadillo	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
california-bur	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
canada cocklebur	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
cang er	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
cang er cao	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
cang er gen	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
cang er zi	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) TCM Pl. for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
cang er zih	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
cang'er	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015)
cang'erzi	Other	Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015)
cangerzi	Other	Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
cang’erzi	Other	Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014)
cankecuram	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
carrapicho-de-carneiro	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
carrapicho-grande	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
cayavamara	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ceyakanapputu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chanda	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
charchita	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chhotagokhru	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chirchiri	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
chirchita	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chong yee chee	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
chota-gokhru	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chuan erh	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
chī tóu pó	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
cilani	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cocklebur	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
common cocklebur	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020) Med. Pl. Uzbekistan & Kyrgyzstan (Eisenman et al., 2013)
cosanacini	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cuyilakiri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cuyilakiricceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cāng ěr	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
cāng ěr zǐ	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
cāng'erzǐ	Other	Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997)
dagne kuro	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
ditch-bur	Other	Med. Pl. in Viet Nam (WHO, 1990)
ditchbur	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
dumundi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
durnishnik obyknovennyy	Other	Med. Pl. Uzbekistan & Kyrgyzstan (Eisenman et al., 2013)
duthundi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
dutundi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
erh tang	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
fructus xanthii	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacop. of China (2005)
fructus xanthii sibirici	Pharmaceutical	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
gatico	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
gewöhnliche spitzklette	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
ghishkay	Other	Ethnomed. of Marghazar Valley, Pakistan (Yousufzai et al., 2010)
ghokarukata	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gokaru	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gokhuriya	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gokshuru	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gokuriya	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gua lou pi	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
gullfrö	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
guzatkon	Other	Med. Pl. Uzbekistan & Kyrgyzstan (Eisenman et al., 2013)
gǒu ěr duǒ cǎo	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
hasak	Other	Trad. Med. in Syria: Folk Med. in Aleppo (Alachkara et al., 2011)
hsi erh	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
hua rh tsu	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
itara	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ji tser	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
jumli kuro	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
ka tstshu ra	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kaatukatheri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kacchaka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kadimki mankoo	Other	Med. Pl. Uzbekistan & Kyrgyzstan (Eisenman et al., 2013)
kakubha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kambumalini	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kambupuspha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kanda/ chhota dhatura	Other	Med. Pl. in Arid Regions of N. Punjab, Pakistan (Ashfaq et al., 2019)
kangres	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
kankerroos	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
kattuccarai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kattuccaraiccetai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kattuccaraiyan	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
katula	Other	Med. Floral Knwlg. of Sarban Hills, Pakistan (Ijaz et al., 2016)
khanghara	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
kiriti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kottamattaki	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kuchakuchiye	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
kucuk siracaotu	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
kurou	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kutri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ké đầu ngựa	Other	Pl. & Animal in Trad. Med., Viet Nam (Ngoc Van & Tap, 2008)
lampourde glouteron	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
large cocklebur	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
lizzaij	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
louse-bur	Other	Med. Pl. in Viet Nam (WHO, 1990)
maiyiravi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maiyiraviccaru	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
makametai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
makameto	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
malavinashini	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mancanati	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mancanaticceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mangalvanamalini	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mangalyakamalini	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maralu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maralu teege	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maralumathi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marhe-matta	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marlu-mutta	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marlumutta	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
marramakal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marul umattai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marul-oomathai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marul-umathan	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marula maathangi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marula-matangi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marulamatangi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marulmattam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maruloomathai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maruloomatham	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
maruloomattai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marulumathai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maruluthige	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marulutige	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
matiyalatimuli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
medhya	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
metaicceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mocacikacceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mocacikam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
moratavanicceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
moratavarani	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mutiyormetai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
niú shī zǐ	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
noogoora-bur	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
o-namomi	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
ona-momi	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
paicacatturitacceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
paicacatturitam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pariyami	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pariyamicceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pariyayavacakai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
parsvapu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
patanak	Other	Med. Pl. Uzbekistan & Kyrgyzstan (Eisenman et al., 2013)
peymaticceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
peyppatikacceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
peyppatikam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
peyumattai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pirakatti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pitapushpi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
porriracamuli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
potaiyumattaicceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
puakaru	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Indig. Taiwan (CCMP, 2003)
purusakenti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
raktapushpi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rough cocklebur	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Med. Pl. Uzbekistan & Kyrgyzstan (Eisenman et al., 2013)
rough cockleburr	Other	Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998)
sankeshwara	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sarpakshi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sea burdock	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
shankeshwar	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shankhagalini	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shankhahuli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shankhakusuma	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shankhapuspi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shankhavha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shankheshwara	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
shankine	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sheep bur	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
shwetakusuma	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shī má tóu	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
siberian clotbur	Other	Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997)
siberian cocklebur	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
siberian cocklebur fruit	Other	Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010)
siberian cockleburr fruit	Other	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
sukshmapatra	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
supushpi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ta'ang erh tzu	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
takapittacuracata	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
talainoycceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
talnoppi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tanakataputu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tanuconitacceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tanuconitam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
taulamuja	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
tene	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
thalnoppi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tocanacanicceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ts'ang erh	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
ts'ang erh tzu	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
ts'ang yee tsz	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
tsang erh tszu	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
u sa ka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
uru kossa	Other	Ethnophytomed. Against Diabetes, SE Asia (Marwat et al., 2014)
urukossa	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
usuma	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vacucittira	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vanamalaicceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vanamalaipputu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
veratelnep	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
wal rambutan	Other	Ethnophytomed. Against Diabetes, SE Asia (Marwat et al., 2014)
wal rambuttan	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
xanthii fructus	Pharmaceutical	Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014) Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002) Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
xanthium	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
xanthium fruit	Other	Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007)
yakusuma	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
yang fu lai	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
yatavacamuli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
zhān zhān guǒ	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
zhū ěr	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
الحسك الكبير	Other	Trad. Med. in Syria: Folk Med. in Aleppo (Alachkara et al., 2011)
བྱིས་ཚེར།	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
地葵	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Indig. Taiwan (CCMP, 2003)
常思	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Indig. Taiwan (CCMP, 2003)
惡實	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Indig. Taiwan (CCMP, 2003)
牛虱子	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
狗耳朵草	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
猪耳	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
痴頭婆	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
白胡荽	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Indig. Taiwan (CCMP, 2003)
粘粘果	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
羊負來	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Indig. Taiwan (CCMP, 2003)
老蒼子	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Indig. Taiwan (CCMP, 2003)
苍耳	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
苍耳子	Other	Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) TCM Pl. for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
苍耳根	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
苍耳花	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
蒼耳	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Indig. Taiwan (CCMP, 2003)
蒼耳子	Other	Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014) Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
虱麻头	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
野茄	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Indig. Taiwan (CCMP, 2003)
黏頭婆	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Indig. Taiwan (CCMP, 2003)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
fruit	dried ripe bur with involucre	Pharmacop. of China (2010)
burr	ripe burr	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
Leaves		Med. Floral Knwlg. of Sarban Hills, Pakistan (Ijaz et al., 2016)
Fruit		Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015)
Fruit		Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
Seeds, Roots		Med. Pl. in Arid Regions of N. Punjab, Pakistan (Ashfaq et al., 2019)
Root		Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
fruit	dried ripe fruit with involucres	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
seeds, leaves		Trad. Med. in Syria: Folk Med. in Aleppo (Alachkara et al., 2011)
stem, leaf, frond		Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Leaves		Ethnomed. of Marghazar Valley, Pakistan (Yousufzai et al., 2010)
roots, seeds	dry roots	Ethnophytomed. Against Diabetes, SE Asia (Marwat et al., 2014)
root, leaves, shoots, resin		Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
fruit		Med. Pl. in Viet Nam (WHO, 1990)
whole plant, root, fruit rind, fruit rind		Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
Fruit		Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997)
Fruit		Pl. & Animal in Trad. Med., Viet Nam (Ngoc Van & Tap, 2008)
fruit	dried ripe bur with involucre	Pharmacop. of China (2005)
fruit		Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002)
fruit		Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007)
fruit		Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014)
roots, seeds, plant, fruits		Med. Pl. Uzbekistan & Kyrgyzstan (Eisenman et al., 2013)
fruit	ripe fruit	Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 22 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Xanthium brasilicum Vell. Fl. Flumin. 10: t. 23 (1831).
Xanthium indicum J.Koenig ex Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3: 601 (1832).
Xanthium mongolicum Kitag. Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. IV 4: 97 (1936).
Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 32 (1923).
Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium
Xanthium abyssinicum Wallr. Beitr. Bot. 1: 230 (1842).
Xanthium antiquorum Wallr. Beitr. Bot. 1: 229 (1842).
Xanthium arenarium Lasch Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14: 411 (1856).
Xanthium inaequilaterum DC. Prodr. 5: 523 (1836).
Xanthium indicum var. inaequilaterum (DC.) Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 68 (1856).
Xanthium japonicum Widder Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 31 (1923).
Xanthium natalense Widder Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 41: 274 (1937).
Xanthium pungens var. globuliforme C.Shull Bot. Gaz. 83: 385 (1927).
Xanthium sibiricum var. jingyuanense H.G.Hou & Y.T.Lu Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 20: 249 (2000).
Xanthium sibiricum var. subinerme Widder Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 36 (1923).
Xanthium strumarium subsp. brasilicum (Vell.) O.Bolòs & Vigo Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 90 (1988).
Xanthium strumarium var. brasilicum (Vell.) Baker in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 6(3): 147 (1884).
Xanthium strumarium var. inaequilaterum (DC.) C.B.Clarke Compos. Ind.: 133 (1876).
Xanthium strumarium var. indicum (J.Koenig ex Roxb.) Debeaux Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 31: 231 (1877).
Xanthium strumarium var. japonicum (Widder) H.Hara Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 2: 279 (1952).
Xanthium strumarium subsp. sibiricum (Patrin ex Widder) Greuter Willdenowia 33: 249 (2003).
Xanthium strumarium var. subinerme (Widder) Winkl. ex Y.Z.Zhao, L.Q.Zhao & C.Rui Fl. Intramongol., ed. 3. 5: 93 (2019).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Xanthium brasilicum Vell.Conc.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Xanthium ibiricum Patr.	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Xanthium indicum	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020) Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
Xanthium indicum Koen.	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
Xanthium indicum Koenig ex Roxb.	World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Xanthium mongolicum Kitag.	Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Xanthium sibiricum	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
Xanthium sibiricum Patr.	Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014) Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997) Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) TCM Pl. for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011)
Xanthium sibiricum Patr. et Widd	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
Xanthium sibiricum Patr. ex Widd.	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Xanthium sibiricum Patrin Ex Widder	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015) Neuraminidase Inhib. Med. Pl. in Lingnan TCM (Liu et al., 2018) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder var. sibiricum	World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder.	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
Xanthium sibiricum Patrin. ex Widder	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Xanthium strmarium L.	Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Xanthium strumarium	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Ethnophytomed. Against Diabetes, SE Asia (Marwat et al., 2014) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
Xanthium strumarium Elliott	Pl. for Snake/Scorpion Bite, N Pakistan (Butt et al., 2015)
Xanthium strumarium L.	Ethnomed. of Marghazar Valley, Pakistan (Yousufzai et al., 2010) Ethnophytomed. Against Diabetes, SE Asia (Marwat et al., 2014) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020) Med. & Pois. Pl. 2 (Valkenburg et al., 1999) Med. Floral Knwlg. of Sarban Hills, Pakistan (Ijaz et al., 2016) Med. Pl. Latin America (Duke, 2009) Med. Pl. Used by Indig. Taiwan (CCMP, 2003) Med. Pl. Uzbekistan & Kyrgyzstan (Eisenman et al., 2013) Med. Pl. in Arid Regions of N. Punjab, Pakistan (Ashfaq et al., 2019) Med. Pl. in Viet Nam (WHO, 1990) Med. Pl. of Brazil (Mors et al., 2000) Med. and Magical Pl. of S Africa (Arnold et al., 2002) Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998) Pl. & Animal in Trad. Med., Viet Nam (Ngoc Van & Tap, 2008) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020) Trad. Med. in Syria: Folk Med. in Aleppo (Alachkara et al., 2011) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2024 (WHO-UMC, 2024) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Xanthium strumarium Linn.	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
Xanthium strumarium Linne	Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012)
Xanthium strumarium Linné	Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002) Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007)
Xanthium strumarium subsp. strumarium	WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2022 (WHO-UMC, 2022)
Xanthium strumonium	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
Xanthum mongolicum kitag.	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

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