Plant Details

Accepted name:: Arctium lappa L. [Asteraceae]
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Source:: World Checklist of Vascular Plants
Infraspecies:: 2

Arctium lappa subsp. lappa

Arctium lappa subsp. platylepis (Boiss. & Balansa) Arènes

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
arctii fructus	Pharmaceutical	Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014) Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
arctii radix	Pharmaceutical	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009) Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002)
arctii semen	Pharmaceutical	Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002)
arctium fructus	Pharmaceutical	Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007)
arctium fruit	Other	Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007)
arctium lappa whole	Other	Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) (FDA/NCATS, 2024)
arqityon	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
baba adam	Other	Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013)
bardana	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) MHT. 103 Especies Vegetales (Ministero de Salud, Chile, 2010) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
bardana radice	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
bardana, raiz	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
bardana, raíz de	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
bardana-maior	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
bardanae radix	Pharmaceutical	E-Kommission: Unapproved Status (1984-1994) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
bardane comestible	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
bardane grande	Other	Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacop.: Liste A (2000)
beggar's button	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
beggar's-buttons	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
bur	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
burdock	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
burdock blood	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
burdock fruit	Other	Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019)
burdock root	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
burrerod	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
byi bzung	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
byi-bzung	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
byid-zung	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
clotbur	Other	Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997)
cockle buttons	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cocklebur	Other	Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997)
commonorgreat burdock	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
dadža saknes	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
dulavratotu	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
edible burdock	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
erva dos tinhosos	Other	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
eßbare klettenwurzel	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
fructus arctii	Pharmaceutical	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Pharmacop. of China (2005)
glouteron	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
gobe	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
gobo	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
goboshi	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
gobō	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
gouteron	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
grande bardane	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
grateron	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
great burdock	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
great burdock achene	Other	Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
great burdock fruit	Other	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
greater burdock	Other	Food & Med., Rural Sweden, Ukraine & NW Russia (Stryamets et al., 2015) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
greater burrdock	Other	Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998)
große klette	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
jangli kuth	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
japanische klettenwurzel	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
ji zung	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
kewe	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
klette	Other	Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021)
klettenwurzel	Other	E-Kommission: Unapproved Status (1984-1994) EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
klitwortel	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
korenina navadnega repinca	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
korzeń łopianu	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
kuang mu hsiang	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
kurya	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
kut	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
közönséges bojtorján gyökér	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
la li tzu	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
lampazo	Other	MHT. 103 Especies Vegetales (Ministero de Salud, Chile, 2010)
lampazo mayor	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
lapa	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
lappa	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
lappa major	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
lopuchový kořen	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
lopúchový koreň	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
melpang	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
ngưu bàng	Other	Pl. & Animal in Trad. Med., Viet Nam (Ngoc Van & Tap, 2008)
niou bang zih	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
niu ban	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
niu bang	Other	GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
niu bang zi	Other	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) TCM Pl. for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
niu bang zi, niu bang zi	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
niu p'ang tzu	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
niu pang tzu	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
niu ts'ai	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
niubang	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015)
niubangzi	Other	Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014) Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
niubanzi	Other	Med. Pl. at Markets of Honghe Prefect, SW China (Lee et al., 2008)
niupangzi	Other	Homegarden Med. Ethnobot. of Naxi in NW Yunnan (Yang et al., 2014)
niú bàng	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
niú bàng gēn	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
niúbàngzǐ	Other	Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997)
nui taze	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
nui tzu	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
oreille de géant	Other	GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
pegamaço	Other	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
phaggarmul	Other	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
phaggarmuul	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
páng wēng cài	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
repušina	Other	Native Med. Pl. of Mt. Rtanj (Zlatković et al., 2014)
rădăcină de brusture	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
shu nien	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
shǔ zhān cǎo	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
stor kardborre	Other	GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
stor kardborre, rot	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
storborrerot	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
ta li tzu	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
takjajuur	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
thorny bur	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
ueong	Other	GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
waisar	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
wu shih	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
xiàng ěr duǒ	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
xue rong mu	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Tibetans in Shangri-La, Yunnan (Liu et al., 2009)
čičak	Other	Native Med. Pl. of Mt. Rtanj (Zlatković et al., 2014)
ρίζα αρκτίου	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
лопух	Other	Food & Med., Rural Sweden, Ukraine & NW Russia (Stryamets et al., 2015)
репей, корен	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
བྱི་བཟུང་།	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
‫أرقطيون‬	Other	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
ゴボウシ	Other	Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019)
旁翁菜	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
牛蒡	Other	GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021)
牛蒡子	Other	Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014) Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) TCM Pl. for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
牛蒡根	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
牛蒡茎叶	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
象耳朵	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
鼠粘草	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
fruit	dried ripe fruit	Pharmacop. of China (2010)
leaf		Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacop.: Liste A (2000)
Herba		Native Med. Pl. of Mt. Rtanj (Zlatković et al., 2014)
radix		EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009)
fruit	dried ripe fruit	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
Root		Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007)
Fruit		Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015)
Fruit		Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
Root		Homegarden Med. Ethnobot. of Naxi in NW Yunnan (Yang et al., 2014)
fruit	dried ripe fruit	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
root		Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
root, leaves, seed		Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
leaves, root		Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013)
root		Med. Pl. at Markets of Honghe Prefect, SW China (Lee et al., 2008)
fruit	dried ripe fruit	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
fruit	dried ripe fruit	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021)
fruit		Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019)
fruit		Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
root		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
Fruit (achene)		Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997)
Seed, root		Pl. & Animal in Trad. Med., Viet Nam (Ngoc Van & Tap, 2008)
fruit	dried ripe fruit	Pharmacop. of China (2005)
fruit	fruit	Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006)
seed		Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002)
root		Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
Fruit		Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
fruit		Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007)
fruit		Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012)
fruit		Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014)
toda la planta		MHT. 103 Especies Vegetales (Ministero de Salud, Chile, 2010)
fruit		Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 11 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Arctium majus Bernh. Syst. Verz. Erf.: 154 (1800), nom. superfl.
Arctium lappa subsp. majus Arènes Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 20: 75 (1950), not validly publ.
Arctium ruderale Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 184 (1796), nom. superfl.
Lappa arctium Hill Veg. Syst. 4: 51 (1762).
Lappa bardana Moench Methodus: 552 (1794), nom. superfl.
Lappa bardana var. major Čelak. Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 249 (1871), not validly publ.
Lappa communis Coss. Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris: 389 (1845), nom. superfl.
Lappa communis var. major Coss. Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris: 389 (1845), not validly publ.
Lappa lappa (L.) H.Karst. Deut. Fl.: 1121 (1883), not validly publ.
Lappa major Gaertn. Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 379 (1791), nom. superfl.
Lappa officinalis All. Fl. Pedem. 1: 145 (1785), nom. superfl.

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Arctium Iappa L.	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
Arctium lappa	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) Europe's Med. Pl. (Lange, 1998) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. Pl. in Russia & C. Asia (Mamedov et al., 2005) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
Arctium lappa L.	Checklist of Korean Cult. Pl. (Mun-Chan et al., 1986) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017) EMA Com. Monog.: Arctium lappa, rad. (2009) European Red List of Medicinal Pl. (Allen et al., 2014) Food & Med., Rural Sweden, Ukraine & NW Russia (Stryamets et al., 2015) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) (FDA/NCATS, 2024) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Homegarden Med. Ethnobot. of Naxi in NW Yunnan (Yang et al., 2014) Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) MHT. 103 Especies Vegetales (Ministero de Salud, Chile, 2010) Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020) Med. & Pois. Pl. 2 (Valkenburg et al., 1999) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006) Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015) Med. Pl. at Markets of Honghe Prefect, SW China (Lee et al., 2008) Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997) Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013) Med. Pl. in the Medit.: Project Rubia (Gonzalez-Tejero et al., 2008) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998) Native Med. Pl. of Mt. Rtanj (Zlatković et al., 2014) Neuraminidase Inhib. Med. Pl. in Lingnan TCM (Liu et al., 2018) Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015) Pl. & Animal in Trad. Med., Viet Nam (Ngoc Van & Tap, 2008) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacop.: Liste A (2000) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) TCM Pl. for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2024) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2025) Wild Med. Pl. Resources in Bulgaria (Hardalova et al., 1998) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Arctium lappa Linn.	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Med. Pl. Used by Tibetans in Shangri-La, Yunnan (Liu et al., 2009)
Arctium lappa Linnaeus	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
Arctium lappa Linne	Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019) Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012)
Arctium lappa Linné	E-Kommission: Unapproved Status (1984-1994) Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002) Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007)
Arctium majus (Gaertn.) Bernh.	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
Arctium majus (Gaertner) Bemhardi	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Arctium majus (L.) Bernh.	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015)
Arctium majus Bernh.	Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacop.: Liste A (2000) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
Arctiumlappa L.	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Aticum lappa	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

The following online resources may contain further information about this plant. Please click on any link to search that resource. You may search using the accepted name alone OR using the accepted name and all of its synonyms simultaneously.