Plant Details

Accepted name:: Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin [Brassicaceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( Medium Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Infraspecies of:: Raphanus raphanistrum L.
Infraspecies:: 3

Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. landra (Moretti ex DC.) Bonnier & Layens

Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. raphanistrum

Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. rostratus (DC.) Thell.

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
attitantam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bajrulkijal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bazrul fazl	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
bili	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bili moolangi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bilimoolangi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
black radish	Other	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
bokel	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
catakketanacceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
catakketanam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chinese radish	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
daikon	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ekkuttali	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
erjis	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
fazl	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
fejel	Other	Handbook of Arabian Med. Pl. (Ghazanfar, 1994)
fidgel	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
fioyl	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
fodder radish	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
fugel	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
fugil	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
fugl	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
fujl	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kankapal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kaymullanki	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
la phug	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
la puk	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
laghumuulaka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
lai fu zi	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) TCM Plants for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
lai fu zih	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
laifuzi	Other	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
lobak	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
lobak putih	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
luo bo	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
luobo	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015)
luó bái	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
luó bǔ	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
lái fú	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
maguni gedde	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marusambhava	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
millangi	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
moclangi gadde	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
moola	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
moolaa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
moolak	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
moolaka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
moolangi	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
moolaogi	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
moolee	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
mooli	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Ethnophytomed. Against Diabetes, SE Asia (Marwat et al., 2014) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. Pl. in Arid Regions of N. Punjab, Pakistan (Ashfaq et al., 2019) Med. Pl. in Balochistan, Pakistan (Bibi et al., 2014) Med. Pl. in Talagang, Punjab Province (Nazish Rehman et al., 2017) Pl. for Geohelminth in Kalat District, Pakistan (Bibi et al., 2016) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
mugunigadde	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
mula	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
mula or muli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mulaka	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
mulakam	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
mulangi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mulapam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mulekebija	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
muli	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
muli ka pani	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
muli taza mai burg	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mulika	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mulinghie	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mullang	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
mullangi	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
mullangiyanne	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mullangu	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
mullank	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
mullanki	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
mulo	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
mungra	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mungraa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
muri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
muro	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
muulaka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
muulakapotikaa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
muuli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
mūlaka (root)	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
mūlaka (seed)	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
mūlaka (whole plant)	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
namak turub	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nattumullanki	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
oil radish	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
parivarnam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
phujal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pods- sungraa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
rabanito	Other	Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019)
rabano	Other	Med. Pl. for Diabetes in C America (Giovannini et al., 2016)
rabu	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020) Trad. Med. in Sri Lanka (Kankanamalage et al., 2014)
raddish	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
radis	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
radis noir	Other	Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
radish	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) Healing Potential of Med. Pl., Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2000) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000) Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
radish seed	Other	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010)
radish seeds	Other	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
rakhyasmula	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
raphani sativi radix	Pharmaceutical	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
raphani semen	Pharmaceutical	Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
raphanus sativus	Other	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
raphanus seed	Other	Korean Pharmacopoeia, 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007)
repáni	Other	Med. Pl. Use: Monasteries on Cyprus (Lardos & Heinrich, 2013)
rettich	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021)
salamarkataka	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
saleya	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
semen raphani	Pharmaceutical	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
shaaleya	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
singri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
snake radish	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
sungra	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tantimaruppu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
the radish	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
tukhm muli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tukhme muli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tukhme-turb	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
tukhme-turub	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
turb	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
turb fajal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
turup	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vayalikkilanku	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
visra	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
white radish	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
śāleya	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
śālāmarkaṭaka	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
ρέπανι	Other	Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016)
ལ་ཕུག །	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
‫فجل أسود‬‏	Other	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
‫فجل‬	Other	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
地骷髅	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
枯萝卜	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
罗白	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
莱菔	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
莱菔叶	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
莱菔子	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) TCM Plants for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
莱菔缨	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
萊菔子	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
萝卜	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
蓝花子	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
seed	dried ripe seed	Pharmacopoeia of China (2010)
root, juice of fresh plant		Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
Seed	Oil	Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002)
seed	dried ripe seed	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
Seed	Oil	Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000)
Seed		Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015)
Seed		Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
Whole plant		Med. Pl. in Arid Regions of N. Punjab, Pakistan (Ashfaq et al., 2019)
Leaf, Root		Med. Pl. in Talagang, Punjab Province (Nazish Rehman et al., 2017)
Root		Pl. for Geohelminth in Kalat District, Pakistan (Bibi et al., 2016)
Leaves		Med. Pl. in Balochistan, Pakistan (Bibi et al., 2014)
Seed, Root, Leaf		WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
Leaves, Roots, Seeds		Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
root	oil	Med. Pl. Use: Monasteries on Cyprus (Lardos & Heinrich, 2013)
roots	oil	Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016)
Leaves, root, seeds		Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ripe seed	dried ripe seed	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
root tuber, tuberous root		Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
fruit, aerial part		Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019)
whole plant, leaves, seed, root	green leaves	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
whole plant, root, seed	dry plant material	Trad. Med. in Sri Lanka (Kankanamalage et al., 2014)
seed		Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
root		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
seed	dried ripe seed	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
seed	dried seed	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
seed		Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002)
seed	dried seed	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
seed		Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007)
seed	ripe seed	Korean Pharmacopoeia, 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 99 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Raphanus caudatus L. Mant. Pl.: 95 (1767).
Raphanus niger Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 4 (1768).
Raphanus sativus L. Sp. Pl.: 669 (1753).
Raphanus sativus var. albus Alef. Landw. Fl.: 258 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. niger (Mill.) J.Kern. Abbild. Õkon. Pfl. 3: t. 257, 258 (1789).
Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 208 (1806).
Raphanus sativus var. radicula Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 208 (1806).
Raphanus sativus var. raphanistroides (Makino) Makino J. Jap. Bot. 1: 114 (1917).
Raphanistrum gayanum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 4: 44 (1838).
Raphanus acanthiformis Morel ex L.Sisley Rev. Hort. (Paris) 46: 445 (1874).
Raphanus acanthiformis var. raphanistroides (Makino) H.Hara Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 73 (1935).
Raphanus acanthiformis var. spontaneus (Nakai) Nakai Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 31: 50 (1952).
Raphanus caudatus L.f. Pl. Rar. Horti Upsal.: 19 (1767).
Raphanus chinensis Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 5 (1768).
Raphanus gayanus (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) G.Don in R.Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 44 (1839).
Raphanus indicus Sinskaya Trudy Prikl. Bot. 26(2): 36, 58 (1931).
Raphanus macropodus H.Lév. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 349 (1912).
Raphanus macropodus var. spontaneus Nakai Index Seminum (TI, Tokyo) 1919-1920: 37 (1920).
Raphanus niger var. albus DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 665 (1821).
Raphanus niger var. vulgaris DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 665 (1821), not validly publ.
Raphanus oleifer Steud. Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 437 (1841).
Raphanus orbicularis Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 3 (1768).
Raphanus radicula Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 208 (1806).
Raphanus radicula var. oblongus DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 664 (1821).
Raphanus radicula var. oleifera DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 664 (1821).
Raphanus radicula var. rotundus (Mill.) DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 663 (1821).
Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. caudatus (L.) Thell. in G.Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 275 (1918).
Raphanus raphanistrum var. exsuccus Thell. in G.Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 280 (1918).
Raphanus raphanistrum var. niger (Mill.) P.Fourn. Quatre Fl. France: 406 (1936).
Raphanus raphanistrum subvar. niger (Mill.) Thell. in G.Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 281 (1918).
Raphanus raphanistrum var. radicula (Pers.) P.Fourn. Quatre Fl. France: 406 (1936).
Raphanus raphanistrum var. sativus (L.) Beck Fl. Nieder-Österreich 2: 500 (1892).
Raphanus rotundus Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 2 (1768).
Raphanus sativus subsp. acanthiformis (Morel ex L.Sisley) Stank. in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 209 (1985).
Raphanus sativus var. aka-daikon (Kitam.) Sazonova in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 211 (1985).
Raphanus sativus f. albescens (Makino) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 127 (1971).
Raphanus sativus subf. albescens Makino Ill. Fl. Nippon: 519 (1940).
Raphanus sativus var. augustanus Alef. Landw. Fl.: 259 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. autumnalis Alef. Landw. Fl.: 259 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. brunneus Alef. Landw. Fl.: 259 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. carneus Alef. Landw. Fl.: 260 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. caudatus (L.) Alef. Landw. Fl.: 258 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. chinensis (Mill.) Boenn. Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 203 (1824), nom. superfl.
Raphanus sativus var. chloris Alef. Landw. Fl.: 259 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. crininus Alef. Landw. Fl.: 259 (1866).
Raphanus sativus f. esculentus (Metzg.) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 126 (1971).
Raphanus sativus subsp. esculentus Metzg. Landw. Pfl.-K. 2: 1060 (1841).
Raphanus sativus convar. esculentus (Metzg.) Alef. Landw. Fl.: 258 (1866).
Raphanus sativus f. exsuccus (Thell.) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 126 (1971).
Raphanus sativus var. fusiformis Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 482 (1812).
Raphanus sativus var. gayanus Webb Iter Hispan.: 71 (1838).
Raphanus sativus var. griseus Alef. Landw. Fl.: 260 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. hortensis Backer Fl. Batavia: 51 (1907).
Raphanus sativus convar. hybernus (Alef.) Sazonova in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 202 (1985).
Raphanus sativus subsp. hybernus Alef. Landw. Fl.: 258 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. incarnatus Sazonova in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 208 (1985).
Raphanus sativus var. julianus Alef. Landw. Fl.: 260 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. leucoplax Alef. Landw. Fl.: 259 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. lobo Sazonova & Stank. in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 208 (1985).
Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus L.H.Bailey Gentes Herbarum 1: 25 (1920).
Raphanus sativus var. melanoplax Alef. Landw. Fl.: 259 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. melanops Alef. Landw. Fl.: 259 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. minor J.Kern. Abbild. Õkon. Pfl. 2: 86, t. 135 (1788).
Raphanus sativus convar. minowase (Kitam.) Sazonova in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 211 (1985).
Raphanus sativus var. mougri H.W.J.Helm Kulturpflanze 5: 52 (1967).
Raphanus sativus var. napiformis Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 687 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. superfl.
Raphanus sativus subsp. niger (Mill.) Lej. & Courtois Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 317 (1831).
Raphanus sativus subf. niger (Mill.) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 127 (1971).
Raphanus sativus var. nonpinnatus L.H.Bailey Gentes Herbarum 1: 25 (1920).
Raphanus sativus var. oblongus DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 664 (1821).
Raphanus sativus subf. oleifer (DC.) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 126 (1971), no basionym ref.
Raphanus sativus convar. oleifer Alef. Landw. Fl.: 258 (1866), nom. illeg.
Raphanus sativus subsp. oleifer (Stokes) Metzg. Landw. Pfl.-K. 2: 1059 (1841).
Raphanus sativus var. oleifer Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 482 (1812).
Raphanus sativus var. parvipinnatus L.H.Bailey Gentes Herbarum 1: 25 (1920).
Raphanus sativus var. praecox Alef. Landw. Fl.: 260 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. purpureus Alef. Landw. Fl.: 260 (1866).
Raphanus sativus subsp. radicula (Pers.) Lej. & Courtois Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 317 (1831).
Raphanus sativus convar. radicula (Pers.) Sazonova in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 204 (1985).
Raphanus sativus f. raphanistroides Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 70 (1909).
Raphanus sativus var. roseus Sazonova in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 208 (1985).
Raphanus sativus var. rotundus Stokes Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 482 (1812).
Raphanus sativus var. rotundus Gaudin Fl. Helv. 4: 392 (1829), nom. illeg.
Raphanus sativus var. rotundus Gaudin Fl. Helv. 4: 392 (1829), nom. illeg.
Raphanus sativus var. rubidus Sazonova in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 209 (1985).
Raphanus sativus var. salmoneus Alef. Landw. Fl.: 260 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. scarlatinosus Alef. Landw. Fl.: 260 (1866).
Raphanus sativus subsp. sinensis Sazonova & Stank. in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 205 (1985).
Raphanus sativus subf. sylvestris (W.D.J.Koch) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 126 (1971).
Raphanus sativus var. sylvestris W.D.J.Koch Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 3: 67 (1856).
Raphanus sativus var. syrengeus Sazonova in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 209 (1985).
Raphanus sativus var. tristis Alef. Landw. Fl.: 259 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. violaceus Alef. Landw. Fl.: 260 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. virens Sazonova in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 208 (1985).
Raphanus sativus var. vitreus Alef. Landw. Fl.: 260 (1866).
Raphanus sativus var. vulgaris Gaudin Fl. Helv. 4: 392 (1829).
Raphanus sinensis Thunb. ex Pritz. Icon. Bot. Index, ed. 2: 239 (1866), orth. var.
Raphanus stenocarpus Kitag. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 96 (1934).
Raphanus taquetii H.Lév. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 349 (1912).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Raphanus caudatus L.	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
Raphanus caudatus Linn.	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Raphanus niger Mill.	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
Raphanus niger Miller	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Raphanus raphanistrum L. subsp. sativus (L.) Domin	SOTWP 2016: Useful Pl. & Fungi Project (2015)
Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativa (L.) Domino	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017)
Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus	WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2021 (WHO-UMC, 2021)
Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin	Med. Pl. in Arid Regions of N. Punjab, Pakistan (Ashfaq et al., 2019) Med. Pl. in Talagang, Punjab Province (Nazish Rehman et al., 2017) Pl. for Geohelminth in Kalat District, Pakistan (Bibi et al., 2016) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2022 (WHO-UMC, 2022) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
Raphanus sativum L.	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
Raphanus sativus	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007) Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000) Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
Raphanus sativus L	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Raphanus sativus L.	Checklist of Korean Cult. Plants (Mun-Chan et al., 1986) Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Ethnobot. in W Granada Province, Spain (Benítez et al., 2010) Ethnophytomed. Against Diabetes, SE Asia (Marwat et al., 2014) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Handbook of Arabian Med. Pl. (Ghazanfar, 1994) Healing Potential of Med. Pl., Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2000) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020) Med. Herbs Israel (Said et al., 2002) Med. Pl. Use: Monasteries on Cyprus (Lardos & Heinrich, 2013) Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015) Med. Pl. for Diabetes in C America (Giovannini et al., 2016) Med. Pl. in Balochistan, Pakistan (Bibi et al., 2014) Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019) Med. and Magical Pl. of S Africa (Arnold et al., 2002) Modern Pl. Use in Monasteries on Cyprus, 2006-2012 (Lardos, 2016) Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) TCM Plants for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) Trad. Med. in Sri Lanka (Kankanamalage et al., 2014) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Raphanus sativus L. ssp. niger (Miller) var. albus de Candolle	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
Raphanus sativus L. var. niger (Mill.) S.Kerner	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
Raphanus sativus L. var. radicula	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Raphanus sativus L. var. raphanistroides (Makino) Makino	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Raphanus sativus L.var nigra	Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
Raphanus sativus Linn.	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
Raphanus sativus Linne	Korean Pharmacopoeia, 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012)
Raphanus sativus Linné	Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007)
Raphanus sativus Linné var. niger (Miller) S. Kerner	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
Raphanus sativus var. niger (Mill.) J.Kern.	WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis Pers.	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Raphinus sativus	Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020)

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