Plant Details

Accepted name:: Trapa natans var. bispinosa (Roxb.) Makino [Lythraceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( Medium Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Infraspecies of:: Trapa natans L.
Infraspecies:: 7

Trapa natans var. africana Brenan

Trapa natans var. japonica Nakai

Trapa natans var. magnicorona (Z.T.Xiong) B.Y.Ding & X.F.Jin

Trapa natans var. natans

Trapa natans var. pseudincisa (Nakai) ined.

Trapa natans var. quadricaudata (Glück) B.Y.Ding & X.F.Jin

Trapa natans var. quadrispinosa (Roxb.) Makino

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
bat nut	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
buffalo nut	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
charcoal tree	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
cimkhara	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cinkara	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cinkara-k-kottai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cinkarak kottai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cinkarakkottai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cinkari	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
devil pod	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
diya ikili	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
gara	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
gaunaree	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
hingada	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
horn nut	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
hóng shuǐ líng	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
ikiliya	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
ingataka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jalakantaka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jalaphala	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
jalaphalam	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jalashaya	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jalasuchi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jalavalli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jalfal	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
jalkanda	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
jì	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
karimpola	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
karimpolam	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kshirashukla	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kubjakamu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kubyakam	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kuperakam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ling nut	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
líng	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
líng ké	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
mulikkay	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mullikkay	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mullu kombu balli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mullu kombu beeja	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
neeru acrotu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
paaniyaphala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
pandi-gadda	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pani-phal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
paniphal	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
paniphala	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
panni-mondan-kizhangu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pannimontan kilanku	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pannimonthan-kizhangu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
panover-tsjeraua	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
panri-mottai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
parike-gadda	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pauri-mattaisal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sanghatica	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shingada	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shingoda	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
shringakanda	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shringamula	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shringaruha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shringata	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shrngaata	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
shrngaataka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
shrngamuula	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
shrni	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shukladugdha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
siagharah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
simgara	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
simghada	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
simghara	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
simgoda	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
singaade	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
singaara beeja	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
singada	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
singade	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
singara	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
singarakottai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
singari	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
singhaada	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
singhaada balli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
singhaaraa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
singhada	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
singhade	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
singhara	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
singhara khushk	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
singhara khusk	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
singhara nut	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
singharah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
singoda	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
somghara	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sringataka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
srngata	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
srngatah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
srngataka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
srngatakah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
srngatakam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
trika	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
trikona	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
trikonaphala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
trikota	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
trikōṇaphala	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
vankotta	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
vankottakkaya	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
varikantaka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
varikubshaka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
water caltrop	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
water chestnut	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
water chestnut or singhara nut	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
śrṅgata	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
śṛṅgāṭaka (dried seed)	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
红水菱	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
芰	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
菱	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
菱叶	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
菱壳	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
菱粉	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
菱茎	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
菱蒂	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
Fruits		Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pericarp, fruit peel		Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
kernels, seed	dried seed	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
seed	dried seed	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 27 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Trapa bicornis Osbeck Dagb. Ostind. Resa: 191 (1757).
Trapa bispinosa Roxb. Pl. Coromandel 3: 29 (1815).
Trapa japonica Flerow Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 24: 39 (1925).
Trapa arcuata S.H.Li & Y.L.Chang Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 6: 291 (1977).
Trapa austroafricana V.N.Vassil. Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966: 192 (1965).
Trapa bicornis var. bispinosa (Roxb.) Nakano Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 77: 163 (1964).
Trapa bicornis var. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Steenis Fl. Males. 4: 43 (1954).
Trapa bicornis var. makinosa (Nakano) Nakano Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 77: 165 (1964).
Trapa bicornis var. taiwanensis (Nakai) Z.T.Xiong J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 3(2): 160 (1985).
Trapa bispinosa var. cochinchinensis Nakai J. Jap. Bot. 18: 427 (1942).
Trapa bispinosa var. iwasakii Nakano Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 454 (1913).
Trapa bispinosa var. makinoa Nakano Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 440 (1913).
Trapa chinensis Lour. Fl. Cochinch.: 86 (1790), nom. superfl.
Trapa chinensis Flerow Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 24: 41 (1925), nom. illeg.
Trapa chinensis var. flerovii Skvortsov Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 26: 630 (1927).
Trapa chinensis var. manshurica Skvortsov Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 26: 630 (1927).
Trapa cochinchinensis Lour. Fl. Cochinch.: 108 (1790).
Trapa congolensis V.N.Vassil. Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1965: 184 (1965).
Trapa dimorphocarpa Z.S.Diao J. S. W. Agric. Univ. 12(1): 74 (1990), no type indicated.
Trapa insperata V.N.Vassil. Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1966: 178 (1965).
Trapa japonica var. jeholensis (Nakai) Kitag. Neolin. Fl. Manshur.: 466 (1979).
Trapa japonica var. macrocarpa Flerow Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 24: 40 (1925).
Trapa japonica var. oblonga Flerow Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 24: 41 (1925).
Trapa jeholensis Nakai J. Jap. Bot. 18: 437 (1942).
Trapa manshurica var. bispinosa Flerow Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 24: 39 (1925).
Trapa natans var. bicornis (Osbeck) Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 11: (283) (1897).
Trapa taiwanensis Nakai J. Jap. Bot. 18: 424 (1942).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Trapa bicormis Osbeck	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Trapa bicornis	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Trapa bicornis L.	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Trapa bicornis L.f.	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Trapa bicornis Osbeck	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Trapa bispinosa	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Trapa bispinosa Roxb	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Trapa bispinosa Roxb.	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Trapa japonica Fler.	Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Trapa japonica Flerov.	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Trapa japonica Flerow	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Trapa natans L. bispinosa (Roxb.)Makino	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Trapa natans L. var. bispinosa (Roxb.) Makino	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
Trapa natans Linn. var. bispinosa (Roxb.) Makino.	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
Trapa natans var. bispinosa (Roxb.)Makino	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)

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