Plant Details

Accepted name:: Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott [Asparagaceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( High Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
american solomon's-seal	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
amerikansk jätterams	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
great solomon's-seal	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
king solomon's seal	Other	Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998)
small solomon's seal	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
small solomon's-seal	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
smooth solomon's seal	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
smooth solomon's-seal	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
solomon's seal	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
solomon's-seal	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:

Kew's taxonomic resources include 49 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum (Schult. & Schult.f.) Morong Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20: 480 (1893).
Convallaria angustifolia (Pursh) Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 5: 737 (1817).
Convallaria biflora Walter Fl. Carol.: 122 (1788).
Convallaria canaliculata Willd. Enum. Pl.: 45 (1809).
Convallaria commutata Schult. & Schult.f. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 7: 1671 (1820).
Polygonatum angustifolium Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 234 (1813).
Polygonatum biflorum subvar. ellipsoidale Farw. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 78 (1928).
Polygonatum biflorum var. giganteum (A.Dietr.) Alph.Wood Amer. Bot. Fl. 1870: 346 (1870).
Polygonatum biflorum var. hebetifolium R.R.Gates Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 121 (1917).
Polygonatum biflorum var. melleum (Farw.) R.P.Ownbey Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 31: 399 (1944).
Polygonatum biflorum var. necopinum R.P.Ownbey Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 31: 401 (1944).
Polygonatum biflorum var. ovatum Farw. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 255 (1915).
Polygonatum biflorum f. ramosum (McGivney) Fernald Rhodora 46: 12 (1944).
Polygonatum biflorum var. virginicum (Greene) Farw. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 254 (1915).
Polygonatum canaliculatum (Willd.) Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 234 (1813).
Polygonatum canaliculatum var. americanum (Hook.) Farw. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 256 (1915).
Polygonatum canaliculatum subvar. ellipticum (Farw.) Farw. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 11: 78 (1928).
Polygonatum canaliculatum f. foliatum (H.M.Clarke) J.W.Moore Rhodora 52: 56 (1950).
Polygonatum canaliculatum var. giganteum (A.Dietr.) Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 148 (1867).
Polygonatum canaliculatum var. oblongifolium Farw. Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 22: 181 (1921).
Polygonatum canaliculatum var. ovatum (Farw.) E.J.Palmer & Steyerm. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 503 (1935).
Polygonatum canaliculatum f. ramosum (McGivney) Clute Amer. Bot. (Binghamton) 49: 73 (1943).
Polygonatum canaliculatum var. rotundifolium J.W.Moore Rhodora 52: 55 (1950).
Polygonatum cobrense (Wooton & Standl.) R.R.Gates Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 126 (1917).
Polygonatum commutatum (Schult. & Schult.f.) A.Dietr. Allg. Gartenzeitung 3: 223 (1835).
Polygonatum commutatum f. foliatum H.M.Clarke Amer. Midl. Naturalist 39: 762 (1948).
Polygonatum commutatum var. lineamentosum Lunell Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5: 94 (1917).
Polygonatum commutatum var. ovatum (Farw.) R.R.Gates Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 124 (1917).
Polygonatum commutatum f. ramosum McGivney Amer. Midl. Naturalist 9: 664 (1925).
Polygonatum commutatum var. virginicum (Greene) R.R.Gates Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 123 (1917).
Polygonatum ellipticum Farw. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 255 (1915).
Polygonatum giganteum A.Dietr. Allg. Gartenzeitung 3: 222 (1835).
Polygonatum hebetifolium (R.R.Gates) Bush Amer. Midl. Naturalist 10: 391 (1927).
Polygonatum latifolium Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 235 (1813), nom. illeg.
Polygonatum latifolium var. commutatum (Schult. & Schult.f.) Baker J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 555 (1875).
Polygonatum melleum Farw. Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 170 (1918).
Polygonatum multiflorum var. americanum Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 176 (1839).
Polygonatum multiflorum var. biflorum (Walter) Alph.Wood Class-book Bot.: 296 (1845).
Polygonatum multiflorum var. canaliculatum (Willd.) Alph.Wood Class-book Bot.: 396 (1845).
Polygonatum ovatum (Farw.) Bush Amer. Midl. Naturalist 10: 397 (1927).
Polygonatum parviflorum A.Dietr. Allg. Gartenzeitung 3: 222 (1835).
Polygonatum virginicum Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 181 (1906).
Salomonia biflora (Walter) Britton Man. Fl. N. States: 273 (1901).
Salomonia cobrensis Wooton & Standl. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 113 (1913).
Salomonia commutata (Schult. & Schult.f.) Britton Man. Fl. N. States: 273 (1901).
Sigillaria angustifolia (Pursh) Raf. Autik. Bot.: 68 (1840).
Sigillaria biflora (Walter) Raf. Autik. Bot.: 68 (1840).
Sigillaria canaliculata (Willd.) Raf. Autik. Bot.: 68 (1840).
Sigillaria elliptica Raf. Autik. Bot.: 68 (1840).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell.	Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott var. commutatum (Schult. & Schult.f.) Morong	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum (J. A. & J. H. Schultes) Morong	Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998)

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