Plant Details

Accepted name:: Frangula purshiana (DC.) A.Gray ex J.G.Cooper [Rhamnaceae]
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Source:: World Checklist of Vascular Plants
Infraspecies:: 3

Frangula purshiana subsp. annonifolia (Greene) Sawyer & S.W.Edwards

Frangula purshiana subsp. purshiana

Frangula purshiana subsp. ultramafica Sawyer & S.W.Edwards

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
amerikanische faulbaumrinde	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
amerikanischen faulbaum	Other	WHO Monog. Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
amerikanischer faulbaum	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
bear wood	Other	WHO Monog. Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
bearberry	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
bitter bark	Other	WHO Monog. Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
buckthorn	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
cascada sagrada	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
cascara	Other	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacop. 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) EMA Com. Monog.: Rhamnus purshianus, cort. (2006) European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacop.: Liste A (2000) WHO Monog. Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2024 (WHO-UMC, 2024)
cascara (sagrada)	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cascara bark	Other	WHO Monog. Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
cascara buckthorn	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
cascara dry extract	Other	WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
cascara sagrada	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 43 (2020) WHO Monog. Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2024 (WHO-UMC, 2024)
cascara sagrada bark	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
cascara sagrada tree	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
cascararinde	Other	WHO Monog. Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
caseara bark	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
chittambark	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
chittem bark	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009) WHO Monog. Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
chittembark	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chittern bark	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
cortex cascara sagradae	Other	WHO Monog. Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
cortex rhamni purshianae	Pharmaceutical	WHO Monog. Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
cáscara sagrada	Other	Annexo III: Veg. Drugs in Registry of Meds, Argentina (2009) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006) Med. Pl. by Health Professionals, Mexico (Alonso-Castro et al., 2017) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Tlayeyecolpahtli. Med. Experim., Mexico (Fernández Martínez et al., 2021)
cáscara sagrada, corteza	Other	Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001)
cáscara-sagrada	Other	Farmacopeia Brasileira, 6th edn. (Anvisa, 2019)
kaskara sakrada	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
kasukarasakurada	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
pursh's buckthorn	Other	Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998)
purshiana bark	Other	WHO Monog. Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
quishron moquaddas	Other	WHO Monog. Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
rhamni purshianae cortex	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) EMA Com. Monog.: Rhamnus purshianus, cort. (2006) European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007)
rhamni purshianae extracta fluida	Pharmaceutical	Farmacopeia Brasileira, 6th edn. (Anvisa, 2019)
rhamni purshiani cortex	Pharmaceutical	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
rhamnus	Other	Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) WHO Monog. Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
rhamnus purshiana	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
sacred bark	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009) WHO Monog. Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
sacrée	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
sagradabuske	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
sagradafaulbaum	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
western buckthorn	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
écorce de cascara	Other	WHO Monog. Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
écorce sacrée	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
bark		British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
stem bark		Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacop.: Liste A (2000)
cortex		EMA Com. Monog.: Rhamnus purshianus, cort. (2006)
Corteza	Corteza desecada, enteras o fragmentadas	Annexo III: Veg. Drugs in Registry of Meds, Argentina (2009)
bark	dried bark	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
Bark		Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007)
Bark, Stem bark		WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019)
bark	Pulverized bark	Tlayeyecolpahtli. Med. Experim., Mexico (Fernández Martínez et al., 2021)
bark		Med. Pl. by Health Professionals, Mexico (Alonso-Castro et al., 2017)
bark		Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
bark, stem bark		WHODrug Herbal Substances 2024 (WHO-UMC, 2024)
bark		U.S. Pharmacop. USP 43 (2020)
cascas	extrato fluido	Farmacopeia Brasileira, 6th edn. (Anvisa, 2019)
bark	dried bark	WHO Monog. Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
bark		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
bark	dried, whole or fragmented bark	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008)
bark	dried bark	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 32 (2008)
bark	dried, whole or fragmented bark	European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007)
bark	dried bark	Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001)
wood		Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
bark	Dried, whole or fragmented bark	European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012)
bark	dried bark	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 37 (2013)
bark	dried bark	Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012)
corteza	corteza seca entera, corteza seca en fragmentos	Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 2 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Rhamnus alnifolia Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 166 (1813), nom. illeg.
Rhamnus purshiana DC. Prodr. 2: 25 (1825).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Frangula purshiana (DC) A.Gray	Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacop.: Liste A (2000)
Frangula purshiana (DC.) A. Gray	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Frangula purshiana (DC.) A.Gray	Farmacopeia Brasileira, 6th edn. (Anvisa, 2019) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 43 (2020)
Frangula purshiana (DC.) A.Gray ex J.G.Cooper	World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020)
Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper	Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998)
Frangula purshiana (DC.) J. G. Cooper	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
Frangula purshiana (DC.) J.G.Cooper	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
Frangula purshiana (Dc.) Cooper	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Frangula purshiana Cooper	WHODrug Herbal Substances 2024 (WHO-UMC, 2024) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2022 (WHO-UMC, 2022) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
Rhamnus alnifolius	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Rhamnus purshiana	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. Fitoterápicos no Brasil (Carvalho et al., 2008) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) Tlayeyecolpahtli. Med. Experim., Mexico (Fernández Martínez et al., 2021)
Rhamnus purshiana D.C.	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) WHO Monog. Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
Rhamnus purshiana DC.	Annexo III: Veg. Drugs in Registry of Meds, Argentina (2009) British Pharmacop. 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006) Med. Pl. by Health Professionals, Mexico (Alonso-Castro et al., 2017) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Rhamnus purshiana De Candolle	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 32 (2008)
Rhamnus purshianua	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015)
Rhamnus purshianus	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007)
Rhamnus purshianus D.C.	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) EMA Com. Monog.: Rhamnus purshianus, cort. (2006) European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007)
Rhamnus purshianus DC.	Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
Rhamnus pushiana DC.	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017)
Rhamuns purshiama (D.C.) A. Gray	Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacop.: Liste A (2000)

The following online resources may contain further information about this plant. Please click on any link to search that resource. You may search using the accepted name alone OR using the accepted name and all of its synonyms simultaneously.