Plant Details

Accepted name:: Frangula purshiana (DC.) A.Gray ex J.G.Cooper [Rhamnaceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( Medium Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Infraspecies:: 3

Frangula purshiana subsp. annonifolia (Greene) Sawyer & S.W.Edwards

Frangula purshiana subsp. purshiana

Frangula purshiana subsp. ultramafica Sawyer & S.W.Edwards

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
amerikanische faulbaumrinde	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
amerikanischen faulbaum	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
amerikanischer faulbaum	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
bear wood	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
bearberry	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
bitter bark	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
buckthorn	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
cascada sagrada	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
cascara	Other	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacopoeia 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) EMA Com. Monog.: Rhamnus purshianus, cort. (2006) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
cascara (sagrada)	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cascara bark	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
cascara buckthorn	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
cascara dry extract	Other	WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
cascara sagrada	Other	Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
cascara sagrada tree	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
cascararinde	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
chittambark	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
chittem bark	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
chittembark	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cortex cascara sagradae	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
cortex rhamni purshianae	Pharmaceutical	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
cáscara sagrada	Other	Annexo III: Veg. Drugs in Registry of Meds, Argentina (2009) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006) Med. Pl. by Health Professionals, Mexico (Alonso-Castro et al., 2017) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
cáscara sagrada, corteza	Other	Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001)
pursh's buckthorn	Other	Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998)
purshiana bark	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
quishron moquaddas	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
rhamni purshianae cortex	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) EMA Com. Monog.: Rhamnus purshianus, cort. (2006) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007)
rhamni purshiani cortex	Pharmaceutical	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
rhamnus	Other	Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
rhamnus purshiana	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
sacred bark	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
sacrée	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
sagradabuske	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
sagradafaulbaum	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
western buckthorn	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
écorce de cascara	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
écorce sacrée	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
bark		British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
stem bark		Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
cortex		EMA Com. Monog.: Rhamnus purshianus, cort. (2006)
Corteza	Corteza desecada, enteras o fragmentadas	Annexo III: Veg. Drugs in Registry of Meds, Argentina (2009)
bark	dried bark	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
Bark		Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007)
Bark, Stem bark		WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
bark		Med. Pl. by Health Professionals, Mexico (Alonso-Castro et al., 2017)
bark		Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
	dry extract	WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
bark		U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)
bark	dried bark	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
bark		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
bark	dried, whole or fragmented bark	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008)
bark	dried bark	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
bark	dried, whole or fragmented bark	European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007)
bark	dried bark	Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001)
wood	tincture, fluid extract, dry extract, powdered drug, vegetal drug	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
bark	Dried, whole or fragmented bark	European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012)
bark	dried bark	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013)
bark	dried bark	Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012)
corteza seca entera o en fragmentos		Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 2 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Rhamnus purshiana DC. Prodr. 2: 25 (1825).
Rhamnus alnifolia Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 166 (1813), nom. illeg.

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Frangula purshiana (DC) A.Gray	Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
Frangula purshiana (DC.) A. Gray	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Frangula purshiana (DC.) A.Gray	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)
Frangula purshiana (DC.) A.Gray ex J.G.Cooper	World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020)
Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper	Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998)
Frangula purshiana (DC.) J. G. Cooper	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
Frangula purshiana (DC.) J.G.Cooper	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
Frangula purshiana (Dc.) Cooper	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Frangula purshiana Cooper	WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2022 (WHO-UMC, 2022) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
Rhamnus purshiana	Med. Fitoterápicos no Brasil (Carvalho et al., 2008) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015)
Rhamnus purshiana D.C.	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 2 (WHO, 2004)
Rhamnus purshiana DC.	Annexo III: Veg. Drugs in Registry of Meds, Argentina (2009) British Pharmacopoeia 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006) Med. Pl. by Health Professionals, Mexico (Alonso-Castro et al., 2017) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Rhamnus purshiana De Candolle	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
Rhamnus purshianua	SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015)
Rhamnus purshianus	SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007)
Rhamnus purshianus D.C.	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) EMA Com. Monog.: Rhamnus purshianus, cort. (2006) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007)
Rhamnus purshianus DC.	Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
Rhamnus pushiana DC.	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017)
Rhamuns purshiama (D.C.) A. Gray	Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)

The following online resources may contain further information about this plant. Please click on any link to search that resource. You may search using the accepted name alone OR using the accepted name and all of its synonyms simultaneously.

Search using just the accepted name

NCBI — (Including Pubmed & GenBank)

— Europe PubMed Central

Google Images

Google Scholar

Encyclopedia of Life

Search using all scientific names used for this plant:

NCBI — (Including Pubmed & GenBank)

— Europe PubMed Central

Google Images