Plant Details

Accepted name:: Brassica rapa L. [Brassicaceae]
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Source:: World Checklist of Vascular Plants

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
abura-na	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
asuri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
aur	Other	Pl. for Geohelminth in Kalat District, Pakistan (Bibi et al., 2016)
avalu	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
bai cai	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
bangasarson	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
baralai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
barshād	Other	Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
bhuitagama	Other	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
bird rape	Other	Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000) Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002)
birdrape	Other	Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998)
bok choy	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bok-choy	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
brassica napus	Other	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
brassicae semen	Pharmaceutical	Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002)
bái cài	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
canola oil	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018) Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 43 (2020)
celery cabbage	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
celery mustard	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
chinese cabbage	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
chinese mustard	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
chinese white cabbage	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
chou	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
colza	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
colza oil	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
common mustard	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
dain	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
dainlai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
duradharsha	Other	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
dà bái cài	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
field mustard	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
fully hydrogenated rapeseed oil	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 43 (2020)
gonglu	Other	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
grunjanakam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
herbstrübe	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
hurf-e-abyaz	Other	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
huáng yá bái cài	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
huáng yá cài	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
höstoe	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
italian kale	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
jadiya	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jariya	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jiě qiú bái cài	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
kabu	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
kadugu	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
kai choy	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kala-sarshapa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kalamohare	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kalerai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kali sarson	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kalisarson	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kappusasoe	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
karupakatuka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
karuppukkadugu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
katuka	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
katusneha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kaṭusneha	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
khardal	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017)
khardale-asvad	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
khardaleasvad	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
khetiya	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kubis cina	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
lahi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
lahota	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
lai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
lashuna oil	Other	Trad. Herb. Remedies for Primary Health Care (WHO SE Asia, 2011)
lear oil	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
low erucic acid rapeseed oil	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
luft	Other	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
ma chieh	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
mairübe	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
majroe	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
man ching	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
man jing	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
meiraap	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
mohari	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
mostaza	Other	Ethnobot. of Med. Pl. in La Paz, Bolivia (Macía et al., 2005) Med. Pl. for Diabetes in C America (Giovannini et al., 2016) Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019)
mustard	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Trad. Herb. Remedies for Primary Health Care (WHO SE Asia, 2011)
mustard cabbage	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
mustarda	Other	Hypothesis to Local Pharmacop., Brazil (Lozano et al., 2014)
musterd	Other	Med. Pl. Marketing in Bangladesh (Dixie et al., 2003)
nabo	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Pl. Res. of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico (Casas et al., 2001)
nabo colza	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
nabo forrajero	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
nalla avalu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nallaavalu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
napa cabbage	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
navet	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
neeps	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nyung ma	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
nyungs ma	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
oilseed rape	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
oleum rapae	Pharmaceutical	Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019)
pad kha	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
pai ts'ai	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
pai ts'ai ping	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
pak chai piang	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
pak choy	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
pak-choi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
pe-tsai	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
polish canola	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
pé kha	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
qīng cài	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
rai	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
rajika	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
rakta sarshapa	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
rakta-sarshapa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
raktasarshapa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rapa	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
rapae oleum raffinatum	Pharmaceutical	European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012)
rape	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
rape seed oil	Other	Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019)
rapeseed oil, fully hydrogenated	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
rapeseed oil, refined	Other	European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012)
rapeseed oil, superglycerinated	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
rapini	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
ratu aba	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
refined rapeseed oil	Other	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
repa	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
roghan sarson	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rova	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
rábano	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
salgam	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
salgum	Other	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
sarasad	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
saraso	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
sarayo	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
sarisa	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
sarsapa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sarshaf	Other	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
sarshapa	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Trad. Herb. Remedies for Primary Health Care (WHO SE Asia, 2011)
sarsive	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sarson	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
saryonn	Other	Pl. for Musculoskeletal Disorders, N. Pakistan (Malik et al., 2018)
sarṣapa (seed)	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
sasive	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
sasuvae	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
sasuve	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
sawi cina	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
sawi puteh	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
sawi putih	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
seemamullangi	Other	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
seven-top turnip	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
shalgam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shalgham	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
shalghum	Other	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
shalgum	Other	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
shaljam	Other	Med. Pl. in Talagang, Punjab Province (Nazish Rehman et al., 2017) Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
shalqam	Other	Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
sharisa	Other	Med. Pl. Marketing in Bangladesh (Dixie et al., 2003)
shelem	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
sherasa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
siddhaartha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
siddharta	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
siddharthah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
siddhārtha	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
sipandane siyah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sipandane-siyah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
speiserübe	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
spring turnip rape	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
stopelknol	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
stoppelrübe	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
sung	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
sunmu	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
superglycerinated fully hydrogenated rapeseed oil	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
sōng cài	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
tantubha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tepar	Other	Indig. Knwlg. on Med. Flora, Pakistan (Shah et al., 2016)
thipper	Other	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
tukhm shalijam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tukhm shaljam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tukhm-i-shalgham	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
turneps	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
turnip	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
turnip greens	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
turnip rape	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
turnip.	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ugragandha	Other	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
wasserrübe	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
weiße	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
white celery mustard	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
white turnip	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
wu ching	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
xiāng hāo	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
yu t'sai	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
yums kar	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
yun ba	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
yun t'ai	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
yuns-dkar	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
برشاد	Other	Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
شلجم	Other	Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
شلغم	Other	Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
لدرخ	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017)
රතු අබ	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
ཉུངས་མ།	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
པད་ཁ།	Other	Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020)
‫لفت‬	Other	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
ナタネ油	Other	Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019)
塌菜	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
大白菜	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
白菜	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
芜菁	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
芜菁子	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
芜菁花	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
芸苔子	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
芸薹	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
芸薹子	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
芸薹子油	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
菘菜	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
菘菜子	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
解球白菜	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
青菜	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
香蒿	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
黄芽白菜	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
黄芽菜	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
seed	refined oil	British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
Seed		Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002)
Seed		Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000)
seed	refined fixed oil obtained from the seeds	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
Root		Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Seeds		Pl. for Musculoskeletal Disorders, N. Pakistan (Malik et al., 2018)
Leaf, Root		Med. Pl. in Talagang, Punjab Province (Nazish Rehman et al., 2017)
Seeds		Pl. for Geohelminth in Kalat District, Pakistan (Bibi et al., 2016)
Seeds		Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
Seed	Seed oil	Trad. Herb. Remedies for Primary Health Care (WHO SE Asia, 2011)
stem leaf		Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Seed		Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017)
Fruit		Indig. Knwlg. on Med. Flora, Pakistan (Shah et al., 2016)
flower, leaf, stem, seed, aerial part		Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019)
seed	oil	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
aerial part		Ethnobot. of Med. Pl. in La Paz, Bolivia (Macía et al., 2005)
seed		Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018)
seeds		U.S. Pharmacop. USP 43 (2020)
seed		Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019)
seed	fatty oil	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008)
seed	oil	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
seed	oil	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 32 (2008)
seed	fatty oil	European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007)
seed	dried seed	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
seed		Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002)
seed	dried seed	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
seed		European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012)
seed	refined fixed oil obtained from the seeds	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 37 (2013)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 251 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Brassica campestris L. Sp. Pl.: 666 (1753).
Brassica campestris subvar. autumnalis DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821).
Brassica campestris stirps oleifera DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 588 (1821).
Brassica campestris var. rapa (L.) C.Hartm. in C.J.Hartman, Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 6: 110 (1854).
Brassica campestris var. sarson Prain Agric. Ledger 5: 24 (1898).
Brassica chinensis L. Cent. Pl. I: 19 (1755).
Brassica chinensis var. oleifera Makino & Nemoto Fl. Japan, ed. 2: 393 (1931).
Brassica napus var. chinensis (L.) O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(Heft 70): 45 (1919).
Brassica napus var. dichotoma (Roxb.) Prain Agric. Ledger 1: 36 (1898).
Brassica narinosa L.H.Bailey Gentes Herbarum 1: 99 (1922).
Brassica parachinensis L.H.Bailey Gentes Herbarum 1: 102 (1922).
Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. Fl. Ingrica: 96 (1860).
Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (L.) A.R.Clapham in A.R.Clapham, T.G.Tutin & E.F.Warburg, Fl. Brit. Isles: 153 (1952).
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt in R.Mansfeld, Verz. Landwirtsch. Gärtn. Kulturpfl., ed. 2, 1: 304 (1986).
Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. Syst. Beschr. Kohlart.: 49 (1833).
Brassica rapa var. oleifera (DC.) Lej. & Courtois Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 295 (1831).
Sinapis dichotoma Roxb. Asiat. Res. 11: 179 (1810).
Sinapis pekinensis Lour. Fl. Cochinch.: 409 (1790).
Barbarea derchiensis S.S.Ying Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 5: 594 (1995).
Brassica amplexicaulis Hochst. ex A.Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 23 (1848).
Brassica antiquorum H.Lév. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 4: 227 (1907).
Brassica arvensis Hablitz Descr. Phys. Taur.: 146 (1788).
Brassica asperifolia Lam. Encycl. 1: 746 (1785).
Brassica asperifolia var. esculenta Gren. & Godr. Fl. France Corse 1: 76 (1848).
Brassica asperifolia var. oleifera Godr. in J.C.M.Grenier & D.A.Godron, Fl. France Corse 1: 76 (1847).
Brassica asperifolia var. sylvestris Lam. Encycl. 1: 746 (1785).
Brassica brassicata A.Chev. Cat. Pl. Jard. Bot. Saigon: 14 (1919).
Brassica briggsii Varenne J. Bot. 19: 360 (1881).
Brassica campestris var. afghanica Sinskaya in unknown publication.
Brassica campestris var. agrestis Prain Agric. Ledger 1: 45 (1898).
Brassica campestris var. amplexicaulis Makino in Y.Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, 3: 901 (1912).
Brassica campestris var. annua (W.D.J.Koch) Rchb. Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 2: 106 (1838).
Brassica campestris f. auriculata (DC.) O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(Heft 70): 49 (1919).
Brassica campestris f. briggsii (Briggs) O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(Heft 70): 49 (1919).
Brassica campestris var. chinensis (L.) N.Busch Fl. Sibir. Orient. Extremi 1: 166 (1913).
Brassica campestris subsp. chinensis (L.) Makino in Y.Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, 12: XXVII (1912).
Brassica campestris subvar. depressa (DC.) O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(Heft 70): 51 (1919).
Brassica campestris subsp. dichotoma (Roxb.) G.Olsson Hereditas (Lund) 40: 414 (1954).
Brassica campestris var. dissecta O.E.Schulz in unknown publication.
Brassica campestris var. genuina Čelak. Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 469 (1875), not validly publ.
Brassica campestris var. glabra Sinskaya in unknown publication.
Brassica campestris var. mana Makino J. Jap. Bot. 8: 24 (1932).
Brassica campestris var. musifolia Makino J. Jap. Bot. 5: 48 (1928).
Brassica campestris subsp. narinosa (L.H.Bailey) G.Olsson Hereditas (Lund) 40: 414 (1954).
Brassica campestris subsp. nipposinica (L.H.Bailey) G.Olsson Hereditas (Lund) 40: 414 (1954).
Brassica campestris f. oblonga (Mill.) Prain Agric. Ledger 1: 46 (1898).
Brassica campestris subvar. oblonga (Mill.) O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(Heft 70): 51 (1919).
Brassica campestris var. ohsakana Makino J. Jap. Bot. 8: 25 (1932).
Brassica campestris subsp. oleifera (DC.) Sinskaya Trudy Prikl. Bot. 19(3): 56 (1928).
Brassica campestris var. orientalis Sinskaya Prilozh.Trudy Prikl. Bot. 19(3): 103 (1928).
Brassica campestris var. osakana Makino J. Jap. Bot. 8: 25 (1932).
Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) G.Olsson Hereditas (Lund) 40: 414 (1954).
Brassica campestris f. pinnata Makino J. Jap. Bot. 8: 26 (1932).
Brassica campestris f. pinnata Makino J. Jap. Bot. 8: 25 (1932).
Brassica campestris subvar. praecox DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821).
Brassica campestris var. purpuraria L.H.Bailey Gentes Herbarum 2: 248 (1930).
Brassica campestris subvar. pygmaea Alef. Landw. Fl.: 249 (1866).
Brassica campestris proles rapa (L.) Samp. in unknown publication, nom. illeg.
Brassica campestris var. rubra Sinskaya in unknown publication.
Brassica campestris var. setulosa Caruel in F.Parlatore, Fl. Ital. 9: 985 (1881).
Brassica campestris var. shigatsuna Makino J. Jap. Bot. 8: 26 (1932).
Brassica campestris var. sotetsuna Makino in Y.Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, 3: 900 (1912).
Brassica campestris f. tenuis O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(Heft 70): 49 (1919).
Brassica campestris f. trilocularis (Roxb.) Prain Agric. Ledger 1: 46 (1898).
Brassica campestris var. trilocularis (Roxb.) Duthie & Fuller Field Gard. Crops N-W Prov. 2: 28 (1882).
Brassica campestris subsp. trilocularis (Roxb.) G.Olsson Hereditas (Lund) 40: 414 (1954).
Brassica campestris subsp. vulgaris Schübl. & G.Martens Fl. Würtemberg: 437 (1834), not validly publ.
Brassica campestris var. wakana Makino J. Jap. Bot. 8: 26 (1932).
Brassica celerifolia (Tsen & S.H.Lee) Y.Z.Lan & T.Y.Cheo Acta Phytotax. Sin. 29: 74 (1991).
Brassica chinensis f. aichi M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 147 (1971), without type.
Brassica chinensis f. chifu M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 145 (1971), without type.
Brassica chinensis var. communis Tsen & S.H.Lee in unknown publication.
Brassica chinensis var. crispa André Pl. Feuill. Ornem.: 108 (1866).
Brassica chinensis var. dentata (Matsum. & Nakai) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 148 (1971).
Brassica chinensis f. hiberna M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 144 (1971), without type.
Brassica chinensis f. hiroshimana (Makino) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 143 (1971).
Brassica chinensis f. honsaitai M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 144 (1971), without type.
Brassica chinensis f. indivisa (Makino) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 143 (1971).
Brassica chinensis f. komatsuna (Matsum. & Nakai) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 142 (1971).
Brassica chinensis var. komatsuna Matsum. & Nakai Index Seminum (TI, Tokyo) 1916: 6 (1916).
Brassica chinensis f. mana (Makino) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 143 (1971).
Brassica chinensis var. musifolia (Makino) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 149 (1971).
Brassica chinensis var. narinosa (L.H.Bailey) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 144 (1971).
Brassica chinensis f. nigra M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 144 (1971), without type.
Brassica chinensis f. nozawensis M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 144 (1971), without type.
Brassica chinensis f. osakana (Makino) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 143 (1971).
Brassica chinensis subf. peking M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 147 (1971), without type.
Brassica chinensis f. piaoh-tsai (Kitam.) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 144 (1971).
Brassica chinensis var. rosularis Tsen & S.H.Lee Hortus Sinicus 2: 8 (1942).
Brassica chinensis subf. shigatsuna (Makino) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 142 (1971).
Brassica chinensis f. taito M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 146 (1971), without type.
Brassica chinensis f. youngtungtsai (Kitam.) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 144 (1971).
Brassica colza H.Lév. Monde Pl. 12: 25 (1910).
Brassica cyrenaica Spreng. Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 2: 911 (1825), nom. superfl.
Brassica dubiosa L.H.Bailey Gentes Herbarum 1: 102 (1922).
Brassica japonica Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 22: 161 (1908), nom. illeg.
Brassica japonica var. indivisa Makino J. Jap. Bot. 1: 7 (1916).
Brassica japonica var. isena Makino in Y.Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, 3: 904 (1912).
Brassica japonica var. suigikuna Makino in Y.Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, 3: 902 (1912).
Brassica juncea var. celerifolia Tsen & S.H.Lee Hort. Sin. 2: 28 (1942).
Brassica lutea Gilib. Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 62 (1782), opus utique oppr.
Brassica mizuna Siebold Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 12: 52 (1830), nom. nud.
Brassica musifolia (Makino) Makino J. Jap. Bot. 5: 48 (1928), pro syn.
Brassica napella Chaix in D.Villars, Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 3: 334 (1788).
Brassica napus var. longirostris Borbás Math. Term. Közlem. 15: 176 (1878).
Brassica napus var. trilocularis (Roxb.) O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(Heft 70): 42 (1919).
Brassica nipposinica L.H.Bailey Gentes Herbarum 1: 86 (1922).
Brassica nipposinica var. laciniifolia L.H.Bailey Gentes Herbarum 1: 88 (1922).
Brassica oleracea var. chinensis (L.) Prain Agric. Ledger 1: 42 (1898).
Brassica oleronensis A.Sav. ex Foucaud Bull. Soc. Bot. France 26: 74 (1879).
Brassica pe-tsai L.H.Bailey Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 67: 190 (1894).
Brassica pe-tsai var. dentata Matsum. & Nakai Index Seminum (TI, Tokyo) 1916: 13 (1916).
Brassica pekinensis var. cephalata Tsen & S.H.Lee Hort. Sin. 2: 14 (1942).
Brassica pekinensis var. cylindrica Tsen & S.H.Lee Hort. Sin. 2: 15 (1942).
Brassica pekinensis var. hiroshimana Makino J. Jap. Bot. 3: 27 (1926).
Brassica pekinensis var. laxa Tsen & S.H.Lee Hort. Sin. 2: 16 (1942).
Brassica perfoliata Crantz Stirp. Austr. Fasc., ed. 2: 37 (1769).
Brassica perviridis (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey Gentes Herbarum 4: 328 (1940).
Brassica petsai L.H.Bailey Gentes Herbarum 1: 99 (1922).
Brassica polymorpha Syme in J.E.Smith, Engl. Bot., ed. 3, 1: 133 (1863), nom. illeg.
Brassica pseudocolza H.Lév. Monde Pl. 12: 25 (1910).
Brassica purpuraria (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey Gentes Herbarum 4: 330 (1941).
Brassica rapa subsp. afghanica (Sinskaya) Shebalina in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 29 (1985).
Brassica rapa subvar. alba DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 591 (1821).
Brassica rapa var. alborosea Shebalina in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 34 (1985).
Brassica rapa var. amplexicaulis Yo.Tanaka & Ono Useful Pl. Japan: 10 (1895).
Brassica rapa var. annua W.D.J.Koch Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 55 (1836).
Brassica rapa var. arenaria Alef. Landw. Fl.: 248 (1866).
Brassica rapa var. baubryana Alef. Landw. Fl.: 249 (1866).
Brassica rapa var. biennis Alef. Landw. Fl.: 246 (1866).
Brassica rapa var. briggsii Briggs Fl. Plymouth: 20 (1880).
Brassica rapa var. campestris (L.) Peterm. Fl. Lips. Excurs.: 491 (1838).
Brassica rapa var. cephalata (Tsen & S.H.Lee) Hanelt Feddes Repert. 98: 553 (1987).
Brassica rapa convar. cephalata (Tsen & S.H.Lee) G.H.Loos Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 118 (2010).
Brassica rapa var. chinensis (L.) Kitam. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 19(3): 79 (1950).
Brassica rapa var. chloroplax Alef. Landw. Fl.: 249 (1866).
Brassica rapa var. cinerascens Alef. Landw. Fl.: 249 (1866).
Brassica rapa var. communis (Tsen & S.H.Lee) Hanelt Feddes Repert. 98: 554 (1987).
Brassica rapa var. communis Schübl. & G.Martens Fl. Würtemberg: 438 (1834), not validly publ.
Brassica rapa var. cylindrica (Tsen & S.H.Lee) Hanelt Feddes Repert. 98: 553 (1987).
Brassica rapa convar. cylindrica (Tsen & S.H.Lee) G.H.Loos Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 118 (2010).
Brassica rapa f. depressa (DC.) Prain Agric. Ledger 1: 45 (1898).
Brassica rapa var. depressa (DC.) Lej. & Courtois Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 294 (1831).
Brassica rapa stirps depressa DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 590 (1821).
Brassica rapa subf. depressa M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 136 (1971), without type.
Brassica rapa subsp. dichotoma (Roxb. ex Fleming) Hanelt in R.Mansfeld, Verz. Landwirtsch. Gärtn. Kulturpfl., ed. 2, 1: 302 (1986).
Brassica rapa var. dichotoma (Roxb. ex Fleming) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 16: 62 (1955).
Brassica rapa var. dissecta (O.E.Schulz) Gladis Feddes Repert. 103: 500 (1992).
Brassica rapa var. dubiosa (L.H.Bailey) Gladis & K.Hammer Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 61: 1459 (2014).
Brassica rapa var. erythroplax Alef. Landw. Fl.: 249 (1866).
Brassica rapa convar. europea Shebalina in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 24 (1985).
Brassica rapa subvar. flavescens DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 591 (1821).
Brassica rapa var. frenosiana Alef. Landw. Fl.: 249 (1866).
Brassica rapa var. glabra Regel Gartenflora 9: 9 (1860).
Brassica rapa f. glabra (Sinskaya) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 136 (1971).
Brassica rapa var. globosa Peterm. Fl. Lips. Excurs.: 491 (1838).
Brassica rapa subf. globosa M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 137 (1971), without type.
Brassica rapa var. hybrida Shebalina in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 31 (1985).
Brassica rapa var. intermedia Shebalina in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 34 (1985).
Brassica rapa subsp. japonica Shebalina in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 33 (1985).
Brassica rapa convar. japonica (Shebalina) Gladis & K.Hammer Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 61: 1459 (2014).
Brassica rapa var. jodopyrga Alef. Landw. Fl.: 247 (1866).
Brassica rapa var. laxa (Tsen & S.H.Lee) Hanelt Feddes Repert. 98: 553 (1987).
Brassica rapa convar. laxa (Tsen & S.H.Lee) G.H.Loos Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 118 (2010).
Brassica rapa var. leptorhiza Spach Hist. Nat. Vég. 6: 371 (1838).
Brassica rapa var. leucoplax Alef. Landw. Fl.: 248 (1866).
Brassica rapa var. leucopyrga Alef. Landw. Fl.: 247 (1866).
Brassica rapa var. lorifolia L.H.Bailey Gentes Herbarum 1: 85 (1922).
Brassica rapa var. lugdunensis Alef. Landw. Fl.: 248 (1866).
Brassica rapa var. meauxiana Alef. Landw. Fl.: 249 (1866).
Brassica rapa var. media Alef. Landw. Fl.: 247 (1866).
Brassica rapa var. melaina Alef. Landw. Fl.: 247 (1866).
Brassica rapa subsp. mesopotamica Shebalina Repa Turneps Briukva: 91 (1974).
Brassica rapa convar. mesopotamica (Shebalina) Gladis & K.Hammer Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 61: 1459 (2014).
Brassica rapa var. morignyana Alef. Landw. Fl.: 248 (1866).
Brassica rapa f. nagakabu Kitam. Ikushu-To-Nougei 2: 29 (1947).
Brassica rapa subf. nagakuba (Kitam.) M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 139 (1971).
Brassica rapa subsp. narinosa (L.H.Bailey) Hanelt in R.Mansfeld, Verz. Landwirtsch. Gärtn. Kulturpfl., ed. 2, 1: 305 (1986).
Brassica rapa var. narinosa (L.H.Bailey) Kitam. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 19(3): 80 (1950).
Brassica rapa subvar. nigricans DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 591 (1821).
Brassica rapa var. nipposinica (L.H.Bailey) Hanelt in R.Mansfeld, Verz. Landwirtsch. Gärtn. Kulturpfl., ed. 2, 1: 305 (1986).
Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica (L.H.Bailey) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 36: 93 (1985).
Brassica rapa var. oblonga (Mill.) Lej. & Courtois Comp. Fl. Belg. 2: 295 (1831).
Brassica rapa stirps oblonga (Mill.) DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 591 (1821).
Brassica rapa subf. oblonga M.Hiroe Pl. Basho's & Buson's Hokku Lit. 8(1): 138 (1971), without type.
Brassica rapa stirps oleifera DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 591 (1821).
Brassica rapa convar. oleifera (DC.) Alef. Landw. Fl.: 246 (1866).
Brassica rapa var. oleronensis (A.Sav. ex Foucaud) Sav. Bull. Soc. Bot. Rochelaise 11: 69 (1889).
Brassica rapa var. orientalis (Sinskaya) Gladis & K.Hammer Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 61: 1460 (2014).
Brassica rapa convar. orientalis (Sinskaya) Gladis & K.Hammer Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 61: 1460 (2014).
Brassica rapa var. parachinensis (L.H.Bailey) Hanelt Feddes Repert. 98: 554 (1987).
Brassica rapa convar. parachinensis (L.H.Bailey) G.H.Loos Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 118 (2010).
Brassica rapa subvar. pe-tsai (L.H.Bailey) Kitam. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 19(3): 79 (1950).
Brassica rapa var. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt in R.Mansfeld, Verz. Landwirtsch. Gärtn. Kulturpfl., ed. 2, 1: 304 (1986).
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 35: 125 (1984).
Brassica rapa var. perviridis L.H.Bailey Gentes Herbarum 2: 243 (1930).
Brassica rapa var. piaoh-tsai Kitam. Ikushu-To-Nougei 2: 6 (1947).
Brassica rapa subvar. punicea DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 591 (1821).
Brassica rapa var. purpuraria (L.H.Bailey) Kitam. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 19(3): 78 (1950).
Brassica rapa var. rosularis (Tsen & S.H.Lee) Hanelt Feddes Repert. 98: 554 (1987).
Brassica rapa convar. rosularis (Tsen & S.H.Lee) G.H.Loos Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 118 (2010).
Brassica rapa var. rubra (Sinskaya) Shebalina in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 23 (1985).
Brassica rapa var. ruvo (L.H.Bailey) Gladis & K.Hammer Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 61: 1459 (2014).
Brassica rapa var. sarcorhiza Spach Hist. Nat. Vég. 6: 371 (1838).
Brassica rapa var. sarson (Prain) Mehrotra & Aswal J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 6: 587 (1985), without basionym ref.
Brassica rapa subsp. sarson (Prain) Denford Bot. Not. 128: 456 (1975).
Brassica rapa var. sativa Mérat Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris: 263 (1812).
Brassica rapa var. saulieua Alef. Landw. Fl.: 249 (1866).
Brassica rapa var. septiceps L.H.Bailey Gentes Herbarum 2: 241 (1930).
Brassica rapa var. sinensis Gladis & K.Hammer Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 61: 1459 (2014), not validly publ.
Brassica rapa subsp. sylvestris (Lam.) Janch. Phyton (Horn) 8: 235 (1959).
Brassica rapa var. sylvestris Briggs Fl. Plymouth: 20 (1880), nom. nud.
Brassica rapa var. teltoviensis Alef. Landw. Fl.: 249 (1866).
Brassica rapa subsp. trilocularis (Roxb.) Hanelt in R.Mansfeld, Verz. Landwirtsch. Gärtn. Kulturpfl., ed. 2, 1: 302 (1986).
Brassica rapa var. typica Posp. Fl. Oesterr. Küstenl. 1: 496 (1897), not validly publ.
Brassica rapa var. variegata Alef. Landw. Fl.: 248 (1866).
Brassica rapa var. vilmorinii Alef. Landw. Fl.: 249 (1866).
Brassica rapa var. violascens Shebalina in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 28 (1985).
Brassica rapa subvar. viridis DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 591 (1821).
Brassica rapa var. xanthocona Alef. Landw. Fl.: 247 (1866).
Brassica rapa var. xanthoplax Alef. Landw. Fl.: 248 (1866).
Brassica rapa subvar. youngtungtsai Kitam. Ikushu-To-Nougei 2: 33 (1947).
Brassica ruvo L.H.Bailey Gentes Herbarum 4: 329 (1940).
Brassica saruna Siebold Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 12: 52 (1830), nom. nud.
Brassica sativa Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 35: 292 (1881), nom. superfl.
Brassica sativa var. campestris (L.) Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 35: 292 (1881).
Brassica sativa var. rapa (L.) Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 35: 293 (1881).
Brassica sativa subsp. rapa (L.) Bonnier & Layens Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 21 (1894), nom. illeg.
Brassica septiceps (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey Gentes Herbarum 4: 328 (1940).
Brassica sphaerorhiza Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 683 (1821 publ. 1822).
Brassica sphaerorhiza var. oblonga Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 683 (1821 publ. 1822).
Brassica trilocularis Hook.f. & Thomson J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: 169 (1861).
Brassica trimestris Boenn. Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 201 (1824).
Brassica tuberosa Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 272 (1796).
Caulanthus sulfureus Payson Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 9: 286 (1922 publ. 1923).
Crucifera rapa E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 6: 137 (1902).
Napus campestris (L.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn. in F.C.L.Spenner, Fl. Friburg. 3: 941 (1829).
Napus rapa (L.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn. in F.C.L.Spenner, Fl. Friburg. 3: 941 (1829).
Rapa oblonga Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 2 (1768).
Raphanus amplexicaulis Viv. Fl. Libyc. Spec.: 37 (1824).
Raphanus campestris (L.) Crantz Cl. Crucif. Emend.: 113 (1769).
Raphanus chinensis (L.) Crantz Cl. Crucif. Emend.: 112 (1769), nom. illeg.
Raphanus rapa (L.) Crantz Cl. Crucif. Emend.: 113 (1769).
Sinapis auriculata DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 611 (1821).
Sinapis campestris Besser Prim. Fl. Galiciae Austriac. 2: 88 (1809).
Sinapis communis Noronha Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 27 (1790), nom. nud.
Sinapis pekinensis var. cai-ben Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 2: 400 (1790), nom. nud.
Sinapis pekinensis var. pe-tsai Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 2: 400 (1790), nom. nud.
Sinapis rapa Brot. Fl. Lusit. 1: 586 (1804).
Sinapis trilocularis Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3: 121 (1832).
Sinapis tuberosa Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 346 (1797).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Brassica camperstris Linn.	Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
Brassica campestris	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Handbook African Med. Pl. (Iwu, 1993) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. Pl. Marketing in Bangladesh (Dixie et al., 2003) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000) Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 43 (2020)
Brassica campestris L.	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017) European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020) Med. Pl. for Diabetes in C America (Giovannini et al., 2016) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Brassica campestris L. var. autumnalis Schultz	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Brassica campestris L. var. oleifera DC.	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Brassica campestris L. var. rapa L.	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Brassica campestris L. var. sarson Prain	World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Brassica campestris Linn.	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) SOTWP 2016: Useful Pl. of W Trop. Africa (2015)
Brassica campestris Linn. var. rapa (L.) Hartm.	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
Brassica campestris var. rapa	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
Brassica chinensis	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007)
Brassica chinensis L.	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Brassica chinensis Linn.	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015)
Brassica chinensis Linné var. oleifera Makino	Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002)
Brassica compestris L.	Pl. Res. of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico (Casas et al., 2001)
Brassica compestris Linn.	Trad. Herb. Remedies for Primary Health Care (WHO SE Asia, 2011)
Brassica napus L. var. chinensis Schultz	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Brassica napus L. var. dichotoma (Roxb.) Prain	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
Brassica narinosa Bailey	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Brassica pakinensis Skeels.	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Brassica parachinensis Bail	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Brassica parachinensis Bail.	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Brassica pekinensis	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007)
Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Brassica rapa	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018) Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007) Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Brassica rapa (Lour.) Hanelt	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Brassica rapa L.	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017) Ethnobot. of Med. Pl. in La Paz, Bolivia (Macía et al., 2005) Hypothesis to Local Pharmacop., Brazil (Lozano et al., 2014) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indig. Knwlg. on Med. Flora, Pakistan (Shah et al., 2016) Materia Med. in Sowa Rigpa (Wangyal et al., 2020) Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017) Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019) Med. Pl. in Talagang, Punjab Province (Nazish Rehman et al., 2017) Med. and Magical Pl. of S Africa (Arnold et al., 2002) Pl. for Geohelminth in Kalat District, Pakistan (Bibi et al., 2016) Pl. for Musculoskeletal Disorders, N. Pakistan (Malik et al., 2018) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) SOTWP 2016: PROTA (2015) Trad. Use of Ethnomed. Pl. of Saudi Arabia (Aati et al., 2019) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2024 (WHO-UMC, 2024) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Brassica rapa L. em Metzg.	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Brassica rapa L. subsp. campestris (L.) L.	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
Brassica rapa L. var. rapa	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014) Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998)
Brassica rapa Linn.	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Unani Pharmacop. India (2007-2008)
Brassica rapa Linné var. oleifera De Candolle	Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019)
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera L.	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Brassica rapa subsp. rapa L.	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Sinapis pekinensis Lour.	Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Synapis dichotoma Roxb.	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)

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