Plant Details

Accepted name:: Brassica napus L. [Brassicaceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( Medium Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
aakwabob	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
argentine canola	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
bhutaghana	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bimbata	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
canola	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
canola oil	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018) Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)
cheroɡh	Other	Useful Pl. of Wakhan & Pamir, Afghanistan (Soelberg, 2016)
colza	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
duradharsha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
fully hydrogenated rapeseed oil	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)
grahagna	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
grnjanakam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
grunjanakam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
indian rape	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
kaali sarson	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
kadamba	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kadambada	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kadambaka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kalasarshapa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kattaka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
katukasveha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
katusneha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
katusveha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kol'za	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
krishna-sarshapa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
kunhang	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
lahi	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
lear oil	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
low erucic acid rapeseed oil	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
mustard	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
nabina	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
nabo	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
nam nam	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
navette	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
ningebung	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
nun	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
oilseed rape	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
oleum rapae	Pharmaceutical	Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 16th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 17th edn. (incl. Suppl. I and II) (2016-2019)
ou zhou you cai	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
pachhaavaalu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pila sarson	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pilirai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
raajakshavaka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
rajakshavaka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rajika	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rakshitaphala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rakshogna	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
rapae oleum raffinatum	Pharmaceutical	European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012)
rape	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998)
rape seed	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
rape seed oil	Other	Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 16th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 17th edn. (incl. Suppl. I and II) (2016-2019) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007)
rapeseed oil, fully hydrogenated	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
rapeseed oil, refined	Other	European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012)
rapeseed oil, superglycerinated	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
raps	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
ravizzone	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
raya sarson	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
refined rapeseed oil	Other	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
sarishapa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sarsapa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sarshapa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sarson	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. Pl. in Talagang, Punjab Province (Nazish Rehman et al., 2017)
seiyō-aburana	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
sersham	Other	Useful Pl. of Wakhan & Pamir, Afghanistan (Soelberg, 2016)
shalgham	Other	Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013)
shulgam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
siddhaartha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
siddhaartha-sita	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
siddhaarthaka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
sidhaprayojana	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sidhartha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
superglycerinated fully hydrogenated rapeseed oil	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
swede	Other	Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020)
tantubha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
tantuka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tori	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
tu	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
tur	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
tuverika	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ugragandha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
yuyo	Other	Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007)
سرشمع	Other	Useful Pl. of Wakhan & Pamir, Afghanistan (Soelberg, 2016)
چراغ	Other	Useful Pl. of Wakhan & Pamir, Afghanistan (Soelberg, 2016)
ḥilf	Other	Med. Pl. Yemen (Fleurentin & Pelt, 1982)
ḵardal	Other	Med. Pl. Yemen (Fleurentin & Pelt, 1982)
ナタネ油	Other	Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 16th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 17th edn. (incl. Suppl. I and II) (2016-2019)
大头菜子	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
芜菁甘蓝子	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
seed	refined oil	British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
Leaf		Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007)
seed	refined fixed oil obtained from the seeds	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
Seed, Leaf		Med. Pl. in Talagang, Punjab Province (Nazish Rehman et al., 2017)
seed	oil	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
seed		Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013)
seed		Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018)
seeds		U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)
seed		Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 17th edn. (incl. Suppl. I and II) (2016-2019)
seed	fatty oil	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008)
seed	oil	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
seed	oil	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
seed	fatty oil	European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007)
seed	fixed oil	Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 15th edn. (2006)
seed		Med. Pl. Yemen (Fleurentin & Pelt, 1982)
seed	fixed oil	Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007)
seed	fixed oil	Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 16th edn. (2012)
seed	Fatty oil obtained from the seeds by mechanical expression or by extraction. It is then refined.	European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012)
seed	refined fixed oil obtained from the seeds	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 106 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Brassica campestris var. glauca (Roxb.) Duthie & Fuller Field Gard. Crops N-W Prov. 2: 28 (1882).
Brassica campestris var. nippo-oleifera Makino J. Jap. Bot. 8: 10 (1932).
Brassica napobrassica Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 2 (1768).
Brassica napus var. arvensis (Duchesne) Thell. in G.Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 254 (1918).
Brassica napus var. glauca (Roxb.) O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 43 (1919).
Brassica napus subsp. rapifera Metzg. Syst. Beschr. Kohlart.: 46 (1833).
Brassica oleracea var. napobrassica L. Sp. Pl.: 667 (1753).
Brassica campestris var. akana Makino in Y.Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3, 3: 902 (1912).
Brassica campestris subvar. alba DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821).
Brassica campestris subsp. annua Schübl. & G.Martens Fl. Würtemberg: 437 (1834).
Brassica campestris var. biennis (Schübl. & G.Martens) Rchb. Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 2: 106 (1838).
Brassica campestris subsp. biennis Schübl. & G.Martens Fl. Würtemberg: 437 (1834).
Brassica campestris var. bullatopetsai Makino J. Jap. Bot. 8: 9 (1932).
Brassica campestris var. communis DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821).
Brassica campestris var. dentatopetsai Makino J. Jap. Bot. 8: 10 (1932).
Brassica campestris var. dichotoma Duthie & Fuller Field Gard. Crops N-W Prov. 2: 29 (1882).
Brassica campestris f. glauca (Roxb.) Prain Agric. Ledger 1: 46 (1898).
Brassica campestris f. luteoalba Makino J. Jap. Bot. 8: 10 (1932).
Brassica campestris subsp. napobrassica (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens Fl. Würtemberg: 437 (1834).
Brassica campestris var. napobrassica (L.) Prain Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821).
Brassica campestris stirps napobrassica (L.) DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821).
Brassica campestris subsp. napobrassica (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens Fl. Würtemberg: 437 (1834).
Brassica campestris var. napus (L.) Bab. Man. Brit. Bot., ed. 8: 31 (1881).
Brassica campestris subsp. napus (L.) Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 1: 156 (1872).
Brassica campestris var. oleifera (K.F.Schimp. & Spenn.) Prain Agric. Ledger 1: 22, 45 (1898), nom. superfl.
Brassica campestris stirps pabularia DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821).
Brassica campestris subvar. purpurascens DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821).
Brassica campestris var. quadrivalvis (Hook.f. & Thomson) Duthie & Fuller Field Gard. Crops N-W Prov. 2: 29 (1882).
Brassica campestris f. quadrivalvis (Hook.f. & Thomson) Prain Agric. Ledger 1: 46 (1898).
Brassica campestris subsp. rapifera (Metzg.) Sinskaya Trudy Prikl. Bot. 19: 103 (1928).
Brassica campestris f. rutabaga DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821).
Brassica campestris var. rutabaga DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 589 (1821).
Brassica campestris f. simplex Prain Agric. Ledger 1: 46 (1898).
Brassica campestris f. spontanea Makino J. Jap. Bot. 8: 20 (1932).
Brassica campestris var. toria Duthie & Fuller Field Gard. Crops N-W Prov. 2: 29 (1882).
Brassica campestris subvar. ulti Prain Agric. Ledger 1: 46 (1898).
Brassica gongylodes Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 8 (1768).
Brassica harmsiana O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 52 (1919).
Brassica macrorhiza Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 682 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. superfl.
Brassica macrorhiza var. sativa Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 682 (1821 publ. 1822).
Brassica napobrassica convar. sibirica Scheb. in unknown publication.
Brassica napus var. aestiva Endl. Fl. Poson.: 395 (1830).
Brassica napus var. alba DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 593 (1821).
Brassica napus var. annua W.D.J.Koch Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 55 (1836).
Brassica napus f. annua (Schübl. & G.Martens) Thell. in G.Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 254 (1918).
Brassica napus var. arabica O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 43 (1919).
Brassica napus var. biennis (Schübl. & G.Martens) Rchb. Fl. Würtemberg: 437 (1834).
Brassica napus f. biennis (Schübl. & G.Martens) Thell. in G.Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 254 (1918).
Brassica napus var. brevirostris Borbás Math. Term. Közlem. 15: 176 (1878).
Brassica napus f. dissecta Peterm. Fl. Lips. Excurs.: 492 (1838).
Brassica napus f. dolichocarpa O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 42 (1919).
Brassica napus var. edulis Delile Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 19 (1813).
Brassica napus stirps esculenta DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 592 (1821).
Brassica napus var. esculenta DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 592 (1821).
Brassica napus var. flava DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 593 (1821).
Brassica napus var. hiemalis Döll Rhein. Fl.: 588 (1843).
Brassica napus var. italica Alef. Landw. Fl.: 245 (1866).
Brassica napus var. leptorhiza Spach Hist. Nat. Vég. 6: 367 (1838).
Brassica napus f. micrantha O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 43 (1919).
Brassica napus subsp. napobrassica (L.) O.Schwarz Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges., n.s., 1(1): 102 (1949).
Brassica napus var. napobrassica (L.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk., ed. 3. 2: 1220 (1833).
Brassica napus var. nigricans DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 593 (1821).
Brassica napus subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. Syst. Beschr. Kohlart.: 40 (1833).
Brassica napus stirps oleifera DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 592 (1821).
Brassica napus var. oleifera Delile Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 19 (1813), not validly publ.
Brassica napus convar. oleifera (DC.) Alef. Landw. Fl.: 244 (1866).
Brassica napus convar. pabularia (DC.) Holub Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 28: 106 (1993).
Brassica napus var. pabularia (DC.) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk., ed. 3. 2: 1220 (1833).
Brassica napus subsp. pabularia (DC.) Janch. Phyton (Horn) 8: 235 (1959).
Brassica napus var. quadrivalvis (Hook.f. & Thomson) O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 42 (1919).
Brassica napus var. rapifera Metzg. Syst. Beschr. Kohlart.: 52 (1833).
Brassica napus convar. rapifera (Metzg.) Alef. Landw. Fl.: 245 (1866).
Brassica napus var. rossica Alef. Landw. Fl.: 245 (1866).
Brassica napus f. rubescens Peterm. Fl. Lips. Excurs.: 492 (1838).
Brassica napus var. rutila Alef. Landw. Fl.: 245 (1866).
Brassica napus var. sahariensis A.Chev. Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 12: 829 (1932).
Brassica napus var. sarcorhiza Spach Hist. Nat. Vég. 6: 367 (1838).
Brassica napus var. schebalinae Bondartseva & Pivov. in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 40 (1985).
Brassica napus convar. sibirica (Scheb.) Bondartseva & Pivov. in E.V.Wulff (ed.), Kul't. Fl. SSSR 18: 40 (1985).
Brassica napus var. syntomocarpa O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 43 (1919).
Brassica napus var. trimestris Boenn. Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 201 (1824).
Brassica napus f. typica Posp. Fl. Oesterr. Küstenl. 1: 497 (1897), not validly publ.
Brassica napus var. ulti (Prain) O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(70): 42 (1919).
Brassica oleifera Moench Methodus: 253 (1794), nom. superfl.
Brassica oleracea proles arvensis Duchesne in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 1: 742 (1785).
Brassica oleracea var. hongnoensis H.Lév. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 350 (1912).
Brassica oleracea proles napobrassica (L.) Duchesne in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 1: 745 (1785).
Brassica oleracea f. praecox Spreng. Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 2: 909 (1825), nom. illeg.
Brassica oleracea var. suecica Gray Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 684 (1821 publ. 1822).
Brassica praecox Kit. ex Hornem. Hort. Bot. Hafn. 2: 621 (1815), nom. illeg.
Brassica praecox Schult. Observ. Bot.: 131 (1809).
Brassica quadrivalvis Hook.f. & Thomson J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: 170 (1861).
Brassica rapa subsp. napus (L.) Briq. Prodr. Fl. Corse 2(1): 74 (1913).
Brassica rapa subsp. rapifera Metzg. Syst. Beschr. Kohlart.: 52 (1833).
Brassica rapa convar. rapifera (Metzg.) Alef. Landw. Fl.: 247 (1866).
Brassica rutabaga (DC.) A.Vilm. Bon Jard. 1837: 345 (1837).
Brassica sativa subsp. napus (L.) Clavaud Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 35: 292 (1881).
Brassica sativa subsp. napus (L.) Bonnier & Layens Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France: 21 (1894), nom. illeg.
Brassica stricta Nestl. ex DC. Syst. Nat. 2: 593 (1821).
Brassica-napus sylvestris A.Vilm. Bon Jard. 1837: 348 (1837).
Crucifera napus (L.) E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 6: 136 (1902).
Napus oleifera K.F.Schimp. & Spenn. in F.C.L.Spenner, Fl. Friburg. 3: 940 (1829).
Rapa napus (L.) Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 3 (1768).
Raphanus napus (L.) Crantz Cl. Crucif. Emend.: 113 (1769).
Sinapis glauca Roxb. Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3: 118 (1832).
Sinapis napus (L.) Brot. Fl. Lusit. 1: 586 (1804).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Brassica campestris L. subsp. napus Hooker et Anderson var. nippo-oleifera Makino	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Brassica campestris L. var. glauca (Roxb.) Duthie & Fuller	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
Brassica campestris Linné subsp. napus Hooker f. et Anderson var. nippo-oleifera Makino	Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 15th edn. (2006)
Brassica campestris Linné subsp. napus Hooker fil. et Anderson var. nippo-oleifera Makino	Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007)
Brassica campestris Linné subsp. napus Hooker filius et Anderson var. nippo-oleifera Makino	Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 16th edn. (2012)
Brassica napobrassica (L.) Mill	Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Brassica napobrassica (L.) Mill.	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Brassica napobrassica Mill.	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Brassica napus	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018) Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008) Handbook African Med. Pl. (Iwu, 1993) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)
Brassica napus L.	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) Med. Herbs Israel (Said et al., 2002) Med. Pl. Yemen (Fleurentin & Pelt, 1982) Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007) Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013) Med. Pl. in Talagang, Punjab Province (Nazish Rehman et al., 2017) Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) SOTWP 2016: PROTA (2015) Useful Pl. of Wakhan & Pamir, Afghanistan (Soelberg, 2016) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Brassica napus L. emend. Metzger	Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998)
Brassica napus L. subsp. napus	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
Brassica napus L. var. arvensis	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Brassica napus L. var. glauca (Roxb.) Schulz.	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
Brassica napus Linn.	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
Brassica napus Linnaeus	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
Brassica napus Linné	Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 17th edn. (incl. Suppl. I and II) (2016-2019)
Brassica napus ssp rapifera	Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Brassica napus subsp. rapifera Metzg. Ex Sinskaya	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Brassica oleracea L. var. nepobrassica L.	Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)

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