Plant Details

Accepted name:: Boswellia sacra Flück. [Burseraceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( Medium Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
arabian frankincense	Other	Commercially Important African Med. Pl. (Van Wyk, 2015)
arbre à encens	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
arbre-à-encens	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
bakhor	Other	Handbook of Arabian Med. Pl. (Ghazanfar, 1994) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
beeyo	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
beio	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
bejo	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
beyo	Other	African Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1st edn. (2010) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
bible frankincense	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
encens oliban	Other	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009)
frankincense	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Israeli Trad. Med. (Lev, 2006) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000) Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
frankincense tree	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
gum thus	Other	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
gummi olibanum	Pharmaceutical	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
incense	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
incenso	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
incienso	Other	Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
kondor	Other	Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013) Tradit. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
laban aldakar	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017)
laban shahari	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017)
leban deker	Other	Ethnobot. & Trade of Pl. in Qaysari Market, Iraq (Mati & Boer, 2011)
liban	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
luban	Other	Handbook of Arabian Med. Pl. (Ghazanfar, 1994) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
luban bedowi	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
luban dakar	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
luban sceheri	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
luban sheheri	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
lubban	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
lufod	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
magher	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
maghrayt	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
makkar	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
makker	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
makur	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
maqar	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
megerot	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mgajrot	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mgar	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mgor	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mogar	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mogharah	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mogher	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohor	Other	African Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1st edn. (2010) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohor ad	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohor add	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohor lab	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohor lub	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohor madow	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohr add	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohr madow	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohr meddau	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohr meddu	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
morhr	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
moxor	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
moxor add	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
moxor madow	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
muger	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mugereh	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mughur	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
möhr add	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
möhr madow	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
najdi	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
negedi	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
nejdi	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
oil of frankincense	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
oliban	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
olibano	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
olibanum	Other, Pharmaceutical	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
olibanum frankincense	Other	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009)
olibanum oil	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018) Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
olibanum-tree	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
olibán	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
ru siang	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
ru xiang	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
ru xiang shu	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
ruxiang	Other	Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
sahaz	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
sajerat alluban	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
sali guggul	Other	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
shabi	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
shajerat al-luban	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
shazari	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
shazri	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
sheehaz	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
weihrauchbaum	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
weihrauchpflanze	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
árbol del incensio	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
äkta rökelseträd	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
ركذلا يرحش نابل	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017)
كندر	Other	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014) Tradit. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
لبان ذكر‬	Other	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
نابل	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017)
‫بخور	Other	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
乳香	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
Oleo-gum-resin		U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
	Resin:Oil	Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002)
	gum resin	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
Resinum		Ethnobot. & Trade of Pl. in Qaysari Market, Iraq (Mati & Boer, 2011)
	Resin:Oil	Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000)
Others		Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
Resin		Tradit. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Resin, Bark	Essential oil, Bark resin	WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
resin exuding from the bark	dried resin exuding from the bark	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
Resin		Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017)
resin		Israeli Trad. Med. (Lev, 2006)
leaf		Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019)
gum		Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013)
gum	gum obtained from the tree	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018)
oleo-gum-resin		Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
exudate		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
	oil	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
	resin	Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002)
wood exudate	essential oil	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009)
Oleo-Gum Resin		Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
trunk, large branch	resin	African Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1st edn. (2010)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 6 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Boswellia bhaw-dajiana Birdw. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 144 (1870).
Boswellia carteri Birdw. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 143 (1870), nom. superfl.
Boswellia carteri var. subintegra Engl. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 4: 34 (1883).
Boswellia carteri var. undulatocrenata Engl. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 4: 33 (1883), not validly publ.
Boswellia undulatocrenata Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 448 (1913), nom. superfl.
Boswellia bhaw-dajiana var. serrulata Engl. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 4: 33 (1883).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Boswelia carteri Birdwood	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Boswellia bhau-dajiana	SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015)
Boswellia bhaw-dajiana Birdw.	Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Boswellia bhawdajiana Birdw.	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Boswellia carteri	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000) Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002)
Boswellia carteri Birdw.	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Israeli Trad. Med. (Lev, 2006) Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2022 (WHO-UMC, 2022) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Boswellia carteri Birdw. subintegra Engl.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Boswellia carteri Birdw. undulato-crenata Engl.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Boswellia carteri Birdwood	WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2021 (WHO-UMC, 2021)
Boswellia carterii	SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014) Tradit. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Boswellia carterii Birdw.	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018) Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Boswellia carterii Birdwood	Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002)
Boswellia sacra Flueck.	African Herbal Pharmacopoeia 1st edn. (2010) Commercially Important African Med. Pl. (Van Wyk, 2015) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017) Ethnobot. & Trade of Pl. in Qaysari Market, Iraq (Mati & Boer, 2011) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Handbook of Arabian Med. Pl. (Ghazanfar, 1994) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009) Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) SOTWP 2016: PROTA (2015) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Boswellia sacra Flueckiger	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Boswellia sacra Fluek.	Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013)
Boswellia sacra Flück.	World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020)
Boswellia undulato-crenata (Engl.)Engl.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)

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