Plant Details

Accepted name:: Boswellia sacra Flück. [Burseraceae]
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Source:: World Checklist of Vascular Plants

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
arabian frankincense	Other	Commercially Important African Med. Pl. (Van Wyk, 2015)
arabian olibanum	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
arbre à encens	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
arbre-à-encens	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
bakhor	Other	Handbook of Arabian Med. Pl. (Ghazanfar, 1994) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
beeyo	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
beio	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
bejo	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
beyo	Other	African Herbal Pharmacop. 1st edn. (2010) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
bible frankincense	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
bombay olibanum	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
cuban bedawi incense	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
encens oliban	Other	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009)
frankincense	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Israeli Trad. Med. (Lev, 2006) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000) Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
frankincense tree	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
gum olibanum	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
gum thus	Other	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
gummi olibanum	Pharmaceutical	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
hsun lu hsiang	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
incense	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
incenso	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
incienso	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
joo heong	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
ju hsiang	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
kondor	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013) Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
laban aldakar	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017)
laban shahari	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017)
leban deker	Other	Ethnobot. & Trade of Pl. in Qaysari Market, Iraq (Mati & Boer, 2011)
liban	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
luban	Other	Handbook of Arabian Med. Pl. (Ghazanfar, 1994) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
luban bedowi	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
luban berbera mustica	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
luban dakar	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
luban hunkur	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
luban morbat	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
luban mustica	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
luban sceheri	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
luban sheheri	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
lubban	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
lufod	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
magher	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
maghrayt	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
makkar	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
makker	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
makur	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
male incense	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
maqar	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
megerot	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mgajrot	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mgar	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mgor	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mo le hsiang	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
mogar	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mogharah	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mogher	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohor	Other	African Herbal Pharmacop. 1st edn. (2010) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohor ad	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohor add	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohor lab	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohor lub	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohor madow	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohr add	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohr madow	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohr meddau	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mohr meddu	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
morhr	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
moxor	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
moxor add	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
moxor madow	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
muger	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mugereh	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mughur	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
möhr add	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
möhr madow	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
najdi	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
negedi	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
nejdi	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
oil of frankincense	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
oliban	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
olibano	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
olibanum	Other, Pharmaceutical	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2024 (WHO-UMC, 2024)
olibanum frankincense	Other	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009)
olibanum oil	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018) Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
olibanum-tree	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
olibán	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
ru siang	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
ru xiang	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
ru xiang shu	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
ruxiang	Other	Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
sahaz	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
sajerat alluban	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
sali guggul	Other	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
shabi	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
shaharree	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
shajerat al-luban	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
shazari	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
shazri	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
sheehaz	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
t'ien tse hsiang	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
to chia lo hsiang	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
tu lu hsiang	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
weihrauchbaum	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
weihrauchpflanze	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
árbol del incensio	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
äkta rökelseträd	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
ركذلا يرحش نابل	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017)
كندر	Other	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014) Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
لبان ذكر‬	Other	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
نابل	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017)
‫بخور	Other	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
乳香	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
Oleo-gum-resin		U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
	Resin, Oil	Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002)
	gum resin	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
Resinum		Ethnobot. & Trade of Pl. in Qaysari Market, Iraq (Mati & Boer, 2011)
	Resin, Oil	Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000)
Others		Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
Resin		Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Resin, Bark	Essential oil, Bark resin	WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019)
resin exuding from the bark	dried resin exuding from the bark	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
Resin		Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017)
resin		Israeli Trad. Med. (Lev, 2006)
leaf		Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019)
gum		Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013)
gum	gum obtained from the tree	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018)
oleo-gum-resin		Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
exudate		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
	oil	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
	resin	Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002)
wood exudate	essential oil	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009)
Oleo-Gum Resin		Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
trunk, large branch	resin	African Herbal Pharmacop. 1st edn. (2010)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 6 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Boswellia bhaw-dajiana Birdw. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 144 (1870).
Boswellia carteri Birdw. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 143 (1870), nom. superfl.
Boswellia carteri var. subintegra Engl. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 4: 34 (1883).
Boswellia carteri var. undulatocrenata Engl. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 4: 33 (1883), not validly publ.
Boswellia undulatocrenata Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 448 (1913), nom. superfl.
Boswellia bhaw-dajiana var. serrulata Engl. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 4: 33 (1883).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Boswelia carteri Birdwood	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Boswellia bhau-dajiana	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015)
Boswellia bhaw-dajiana	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
Boswellia bhaw-dajiana Birdw.	Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Boswellia bhawdajiana Birdw.	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Boswellia carteri	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000) Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002)
Boswellia carteri Birdw.	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Israeli Trad. Med. (Lev, 2006) Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2022 (WHO-UMC, 2022) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Boswellia carteri Birdw. subintegra Engl.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Boswellia carteri Birdw. undulato-crenata Engl.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Boswellia carteri Birdwood	WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2021 (WHO-UMC, 2021)
Boswellia carterii	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014) Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Boswellia carterii Birdw.	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018) Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Boswellia carterii Birdwood	Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002)
Boswellia sacra Flueck.	African Herbal Pharmacop. 1st edn. (2010) Commercially Important African Med. Pl. (Van Wyk, 2015) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017) Ethnobot. & Trade of Pl. in Qaysari Market, Iraq (Mati & Boer, 2011) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Handbook of Arabian Med. Pl. (Ghazanfar, 1994) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. Pl. Used by Women in Mecca (Alqethami et al., 2017) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) SOTWP 2016: PROTA (2015) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2024 (WHO-UMC, 2024) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Boswellia sacra Flueckiger	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Boswellia sacra Fluek.	Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013)
Boswellia sacra Flück.	World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020)
Boswellia undulato-crenata (Engl.)Engl.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)

The following online resources may contain further information about this plant. Please click on any link to search that resource. You may search using the accepted name alone OR using the accepted name and all of its synonyms simultaneously.