Plant Details

Accepted name:: Lycium barbarum L. [Solanaceae]
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Source:: World Checklist of Vascular Plants

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
al-hozaz	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
arak-mahndi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
auosage	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021) Med. Pl. in Iraq (Al-Douri, 2000)
barbary boxthorn	Other	Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997)
barbary matrimony vine	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016)
barbary matrimony-vine	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
barbary wolfberry	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
barbary wolfberry fruit	Other	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010)
barstard jasmine	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
baya goji tibetano	Other	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
bayas de goji	Other	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
bayas tibetanas	Other	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
bayas tibetanas de goji	Other	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
bocksdorn	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021)
bocktörne	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
box thorn	Other	Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021)
box-thorn	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
buckthorn	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
cambronera	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
cereza de goji	Other	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
cereza del tibet	Other	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
chinese boxthorn	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
chinese wolfberry	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
chinese wolfberry root bark	Other	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
chinese wolfberry root-bark	Other	Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010)
chirchata	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
chirchataa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
chirchita	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
chirchitaa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
chirchitta	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
chiritta	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
common matrimony vine	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016)
common matrimony-vine	Other	Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997)
cortex lycii	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacop. of China (2005)
cortex lycii radicis	Pharmaceutical	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
di gu pi	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
digupi	Other	Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
duke of argyll s tea-tree	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
duke of argyll's eta tree	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016)
duke of argyll's tea-tree	Other	Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
duke of argyll's teaplant	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
duke of argyll's teatree	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
filrahrakh	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
fizahraj	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
fructus lycii	Pharmaceutical	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Pharmacop. of China (2005)
ganger	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
gangro	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
goji	Other	Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2024) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2025)
goji berry	Other	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
goji-berry	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
gou ci zih	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
gou qi zi	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) TCM Pl. for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
gouqi	Other	Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
gouqizi	Other	Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
gu gi ja	Other	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
gŏuqǐ	Other	Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997)
himalayan goji	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
hozaz	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
kantakigulma	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
kheechar chirchataa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
khichar	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
kukoshi	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
lughion	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
lyciet commun	Other	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
lyciet de barbarie	Other	GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
lyciet à feuilles d'obione	Other	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
lycii cortex	Pharmaceutical	Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019) Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015)
lycii fructus	Pharmaceutical	Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
lycii radicis cortex	Pharmaceutical	Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
lycion	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
lycium	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
lycium barbarum fruit	Other	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
lycium barbarum whole	Other	Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) (FDA/NCATS, 2024)
lycium bark	Other	Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019)
lycium fruit	Other	Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007)
lycium root bark	Other	Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007)
matrimony vine	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
matrimony-vine	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
matrimonyvine	Other	GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
morali	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
murali	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
mureli	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
ning xia gou qi	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
noboshi	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
prickly box	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
tibetan goji	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
wolfberry	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
wolfberry fruit	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
wolfberry rootbark	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
zhe cai rang	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
เก๋ากี่	Other	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
クコシ	Other	Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
ジコッピ	Other	Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019)
地骨皮	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
寧夏枸杞	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
摘次玛	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
枸杞	Other	Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
枸杞子	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) TCM Pl. for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
温吉勒嘎	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
赛策尔玛	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
구기자	Other	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
寧夏枸杞	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
fruit	dried ripe fruit	Pharmacop. of China (2010)
fruit	ripe fruit	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
fruit	dried ripe fruit	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
Bark		Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
Fruit		WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
bark of root	dried bark of root	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
Aerial part		Med. Pl. in Iraq (Al-Douri, 2000)
leaves, flower, fruit, root, bark		Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
fruit		WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2024)
bark of root, fruit	dried bark of root, dried ripe fruit	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
bark of root, fruit	dried bark of root, dried ripe fruit	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021)
fruit		WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2025)
root bark		Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019)
root bark, fruit		Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
fruit		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
Fruit, root bark		Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997)
root bark	dried root bark	Pharmacop. of China (2005)
root bark	root bark	Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006)
fruit	dried fruit	Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007)
root bark		Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012)
rhizome		Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 23 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Lycium barbatum Thunb. Prodr. Pl. Cap.: 37 (1794).
Lycium halimifolium Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 6 (1768).
Boberella halimifolia (Mill.) E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 10: 55 (1903).
Jasminoides flaccidum Moench Methodus: 470 (1794), nom. superfl.
Lycium barbarum var. aurantiicarpum K.F.Ching Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(1): 158 (1978).
Lycium barbarum var. implicatum T.Y.Chen & Xu L.Jiang Guihaia 32: 8 (2012).
Lycium barbarum var. vulgare Aiton Hortus Kew. 1: 257 (1789).
Lycium chinense var. cochinchinense (Lour.) Terraciano Malpighia 4: 515 (1891).
Lycium chinense f. turbinatum Terraciano Malpighia 4: 515 (1891).
Lycium cochinchinense Lour. Fl. Cochinch.: 134 (1790).
Lycium dunalianum Bubani ex Dunal in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 509 (1852).
Lycium floridum Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 135 (1796).
Lycium inerme Wender. Index Seminum (MB, Marburgensis) 1825: [7] (1825), nom. illeg.
Lycium thunbergii G.Don Gen. Hist. 4: 459 (1838).
Lycium trewianum Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 693 (1819).
Lycium turbinatum Veill. in H.L.Duhamel du Monceau, Traité Arbr. Arbust., nouv. éd. 1: 119 (1802).
Lycium vulgare (Aiton) Dunal in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 509 (1852).
Lycium vulgare f. afroides Terraciano Malpighia 4: 512 (1891).
Lycium vulgare var. barbarum (L.) Terraciano Malpighia 4: 512 (1891).
Lycium vulgare var. boissieri Terraciano Malpighia 4: 512 (1891).
Lycium vulgare f. depressum Terraciano Malpighia 4: 513 (1891).
Lycium vulgare subvar. foliosum Terraciano Malpighia 4: 512 (1891).
Teremis elliptica Raf. Sylva Tellur.: 54 (1838).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Lycium barbarum	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
Lycium barbarum L.	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) (FDA/NCATS, 2024) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021) Med. Pl. Used by Herbalists in Lebanon (Deeb et al., 2013) Med. Pl. in China (WHO, 1997) Med. Pl. in Iraq (Al-Douri, 2000) Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020) TCM Pl. for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2024) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2025) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Lycium barbarum Linn.	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
Lycium barbarum Linnaeus	World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Lycium barbarum Linne	Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019) Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012)
Lycium barbarum Linné	Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007)
Lycium barbarum var. barbarum	WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2024) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2025) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
Lycium barbatum L.	WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
Lycium halamifolium	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
Lycium halimifolium	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
Lycium halimifolium J.S.Mill.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Lycium halimifolium Mill.	Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Lycium halimifolium Miller	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)

The following online resources may contain further information about this plant. Please click on any link to search that resource. You may search using the accepted name alone OR using the accepted name and all of its synonyms simultaneously.