Plant Details

Accepted name:: Lycium chinense Mill. [Solanaceae]
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Source:: World Checklist of Vascular Plants

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
barbary wolfberry fruit	Other	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
bredbladigt bocktörne	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
cau ky	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
ch'i tzu	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
chinese box-thorn	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021) Med. Pl. in Viet Nam (WHO, 1990)
chinese boxthorn	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
chinese desert thorn	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021) Med. Pl. in Viet Nam (WHO, 1990)
chinese desert-thorn	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
chinese matrimony vine	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021) Med. Pl. in Viet Nam (WHO, 1990)
chinese matrimony-vine	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
chinese metrimony vine	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
chinese teaplant	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
chinese wolfberry	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021) Med. Pl. in Viet Nam (WHO, 1990) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
chinese wolfberry root bark	Other	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
chinese wolfberry root-bark	Other	Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010)
chinesischer bocksdorn	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
cortex lycii	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacop. of China (2005)
cortex lycii radicis	Pharmaceutical	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
câu kỷ	Other	Pl. & Animal in Trad. Med., Viet Nam (Ngoc Van & Tap, 2008)
daun koki	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
detuab bol	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
di gu pi	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
dia cot bi	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
digupi	Other	Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015)
fructus lycii	Pharmaceutical	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
goo-kee-ja-na-moo	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
gou ci zih	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
gou qi	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
gou qi zi	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
gou qi zi#	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
gugija	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
gugijanamu	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Med. Pl. in S. Mountainous Region of Korea (Kim & Song, 2011) Survey of Med. Pl., Jeju Island, Korea (Song et al., 2013)
guh giv laih	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
hsien jen chang	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
jǔ jí	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
jǔ qǐ	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
jǔ qǐ yè	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
jǔ zǎo	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
k 'i tsz	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
kau kei	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
kaukichai	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
kee chee	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
khoi tu	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
khu khoi	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
ko chee choo	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
korean boxthorn	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
kou che tzu	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
kou chi	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
kou chi chien	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
kou chi chiu	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
kou k'i tsz	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
kow ch'i tzu	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
ku ching ts'ao	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
kuki	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
kuko	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
kuko no ne	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
kuko-no-ne-no-kawa	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
kukoshi	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
kǔ jí	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
licio	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
lyciet	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
lyciet de chine	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
lycii cortex	Pharmaceutical	Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019) Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015)
lycii fructus	Pharmaceutical	Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
lycii radicis cortex	Pharmaceutical	Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
lycium	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
lycium bark	Other	Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019)
lycium chinense whole	Other	Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) (FDA/NCATS, 2024)
lycium fruit	Other	Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007)
lycium root bark	Other	Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007)
phjac khau khi	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
qǐ	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
reib qab moloul	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
sangl wap xeec	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
spina santa cinese	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
t'ien ts'ai	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
t'u ti ku	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
t'u ti-ku	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
thoo tee kwaat	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
ti ku p'i	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
ti-ku-pi	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
wolfberry	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
wolfberry fruit	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
wolfberry rootbark	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
yang ju	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
zhe cai rang	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
クコシ	Other	Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012)
ジコッピ	Other	Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019)
地骨皮	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
庞加	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
折才尔玛	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
摘次玛	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
杞	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
枸杞	Other	Consv. of Endangered Med. Pl. in Arid Desert Region (Lang et al., 2017) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021)
枸杞叶	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
枸杞子	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
枸枣	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
枸棘	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
苦棘	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
野枸杞	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
骨己赖	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
黑枸杞	Other	Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021)
구기자	Other	Antiox. & Physiolog. Activity of Korean Med. Pl. (Kim et al., 1995)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
root bark	dried root bark	Pharmacop. of China (2010)
fruit	ripe fruit	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
bark of root	dried bark of root	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
leaf, frond		Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
fruit		Survey of Med. Pl., Jeju Island, Korea (Song et al., 2013)
bark of root, fruit	dried bark of root, dried ripe fruit	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
bark of root, fruit	dried bark of root, dried ripe fruit	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021)
fruit		Med. Pl. in S. Mountainous Region of Korea (Kim & Song, 2011)
root bark		Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019)
fruit, root-bark		Med. Pl. in Viet Nam (WHO, 1990)
root bark, fruit		Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
fruit		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
Fruit		Pl. & Animal in Trad. Med., Viet Nam (Ngoc Van & Tap, 2008)
root bark	dried root bark	Pharmacop. of China (2005)
root bark	root bark	Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006)
root bark		Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002)
fruit	dried fruit	Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007)
root bark		Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012)
fruit	dried fruit	Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 24 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Lycium chinense var. potaninii (Pojark.) A.M.Lu Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(1): 16 (1978).
Boberella rhombifolia (Moench) E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 10: 56 (1903).
Jasminoides rhombifolium Moench Methodus: 470 (1794).
Lycium barbarum Lam. Encycl. 3: 509 (1792), sensu auct.
Lycium barbarum var. chinense (Mill.) Aiton Hortus Kew. 1: 257 (1789).
Lycium chinense subf. lanceolatum (Poir.) Terraciano Malpighia 4: 515 (1891).
Lycium chinense var. ovatum (Poir.) C.K.Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 611 (1911).
Lycium chinense var. rhombifolium (Moench) Bean Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 2: 62 (1914).
Lycium chinense subsp. rhombifolium (Moench) Thell. Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg 38: 446 (1912).
Lycium chinense f. subglobosum (Dunal) Terraciano Malpighia 4: 515 (1891).
Lycium elongatum Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 136 (1796).
Lycium europaeum Mérat ex Dunal in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 510 (1852), not validly publ.
Lycium halimifolium var. lanceolatum (Poir.) C.K.Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 611 (1911).
Lycium halimifolium var. subglobosum (Dunal) C.K.Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 611 (1911).
Lycium lanceolatum Poir. in H.L.Duhamel du Monceau, Traité Arbr. Arbust., nouv. éd. 1: 123 (1802).
Lycium megistocarpum Dunal in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 510 (1852), nom. superfl.
Lycium megistocarpum var. lanceolatum (Poir.) Duhamel in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 511 (1852).
Lycium megistocarpum var. ovatum (Poir.) Dunal in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 510 (1852).
Lycium ovatum Poir. in H.L.Duhamel du Monceau, Traité Arbr. Fruit. 1: 117 (1810).
Lycium potaninii Pojark. Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 13: 265 (1950).
Lycium rhombifolium (Moench) Dippel in L.Dosch & J.K.Scriba, Excurs. Fl. Hessen, ed. 3: 218 (1887).
Lycium sinense Gren. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 14: 194 (1854).
Lycium subglobosum Dunal in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 511 (1852).
Teremis turbinata Raf. Sylva Tellur.: 54 (1838).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Lycium chinense	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007)
Lycium chinense L.	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
Lycium chinense Mill	Antiox. & Physiolog. Activity of Korean Med. Pl. (Kim et al., 1995)
Lycium chinense Mill.	Checklist of Korean Cult. Pl. (Mun-Chan et al., 1986) Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. & Culinary: Genus Lycium Case Study (Yao et al., 2021) Med. Pl. in S. Mountainous Region of Korea (Kim & Song, 2011) Med. Pl. in Viet Nam (WHO, 1990) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Neuraminidase Inhib. Med. Pl. in Lingnan TCM (Liu et al., 2018) Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015) Pl. & Animal in Trad. Med., Viet Nam (Ngoc Van & Tap, 2008) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) Survey of Med. Pl., Jeju Island, Korea (Song et al., 2013) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2024) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2025) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Lycium chinense Mill. var. potaninii (Pojark.) A.M.Lu	Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Lycium chinense Miller	Consv. of Endangered Med. Pl. in Arid Desert Region (Lang et al., 2017) Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) (FDA/NCATS, 2024) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Japanese Pharmacop., 15th edn. (2006) Japanese Pharmacop., 16th edn. (2012) Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002) Korean Pharmacop., 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Korean Pharmacop., 9th edn. (2007) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015)
Lycium chinense Miller.	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015)
Lycium chinense P. Mill.	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Lycium chinensis	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Lycium chinensis Miller.	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Lycium chinese	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

The following online resources may contain further information about this plant. Please click on any link to search that resource. You may search using the accepted name alone OR using the accepted name and all of its synonyms simultaneously.