Plant Details

Accepted name:: Viola tricolor L. [Violaceae]
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Source:: World Checklist of Vascular Plants
Infraspecies:: 7

Viola tricolor subsp. alpestris (DC. ex Ging.) Ces.

Viola tricolor subsp. ammotropha Wittr.

Viola tricolor subsp. curtisii (E.Forst.) Syme

Viola tricolor subsp. macedonica (Boiss. & Heldr.) A.F.W.Schmidt

Viola tricolor subsp. matutina (Klokov) Valentine

Viola tricolor subsp. subalpina Gaudin

Viola tricolor subsp. tricolor

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
banafashaa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
european wild pansy	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
feldstiefmütterchen	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
field pansy	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
fiołek trójbarwny	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Viola spp., herb.flo. (2009)
heart s -ease	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
heart's-ease	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
hearts ease	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
heartsease	Other	EMA Com. Monog.: Viola spp., herb.flo. (2009) Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
herba violae	Pharmaceutical	Med. Pl. of the Russian Pharm. (Shikov, 2014)
hercai menekse	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
hú dié huā	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
jjohnny-jump-up	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
johnny jumpup	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
johnny-jump-up	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ladies-delight	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
love-in-idleness	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
miniature pansy	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
pansy	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
pansy violet	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
pensamiento	Other	Med. Pl. at Markets in S Ecuador (Tinitana et al., 2016) Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007)
pensée	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
pensée sauvage	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
san se jin	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
sanshiki-sumire	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
sansiki-sumire	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
stiefmutterchen	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
stiefmütterchenkraut	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
styvmorsviol	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
sān sè jīn	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
trinitaria	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
viola del pensiero	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
viola tricolor	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
violae herba cum flore	Pharmaceutical	EMA Com. Monog.: Viola spp., herb.flo. (2009) European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012)
violae tricoloris herba	Pharmaceutical	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
wild pansy	Other	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacop. 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) EMA Com. Monog.: Viola spp., herb.flo. (2009) Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
wild pansy (flowering aerial parts)	Other	European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012)
wild stiefmütterchen	Other	Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021)
wild violet	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
三色堇	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
蝴蝶花	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
flowering aerial parts		British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
Leaf		Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007)
herba cum flore		EMA Com. Monog.: Viola spp., herb.flo. (2009)
whole shoot system		Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Flower		Med. Pl. at Markets in S Ecuador (Tinitana et al., 2016)
herb, root		Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
herb		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
aerial parts	dried flowering aerial parts	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008)
flowering aerial parts	dried flowering aerial parts	European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007)
flowering aerial parts	Dried flowering aerial parts	European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 5 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Jacea tricolor (L.) Opiz Seznam: 54 (1852).
Mnemion tricolor (L.) Spach Hist. Nat. Vég. 5: 515 (1836).
Viola tricolor subsp. erecta Ehrh. Hannover. Mag. 18: 232 (1780), not validly publ.
Viola tricolor var. major Roth Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 763 (1827), not validly publ.
Viola versicolor Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 130 (1796), nom. superfl.

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Viola tricolor	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. Pl. in Russia & C Asia (Mamedov et al., 2004) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007)
Viola tricolor L.	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacop. 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) EMA Com. Monog.: Viola spp., herb.flo. (2009) European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. Pl. at Markets in S Ecuador (Tinitana et al., 2016) Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007) Med. Pl. of the Russian Pharm. (Shikov, 2014) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Med. and Magical Pl. of S Africa (Arnold et al., 2002) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2024 (WHO-UMC, 2024) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Viola tricolor L. subsp. tricolor	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
Viola tricolor Linn.	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
Viola tricolor Linné	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)

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