Plant Details

Accepted name:: Viola odorata L. [Violaceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( Medium Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Infraspecies:: 2

Viola odorata subsp. odorata

Viola odorata subsp. stolonifera (J.J.Rodr.) J.J.Orell & Romo

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
abroo	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
albanafsaj alhelou	Other	Encyclopedia of Med. Pl. of UAE (2005)
asarun	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
baanfshah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bag-banosa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bagabanosa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bahapa	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
bahaphsa	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
banafasaj	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
banafasha	Other	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
banafashaa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
banafsa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
banafsag	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
banafsaj	Other	Encyclopedia of Med. Pl. of UAE (2005) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Trad. Med. in Syria: Folk Med. in Aleppo (Alachkara et al., 2011) Tradit. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
banafsej	Other	Med. Pl. in Jordan (Oran, 1998)
banafsha	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) NTFPS in Swat, Pakistan (Latif et al., 2006) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
banafshaa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
banafshah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
banafshaj	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
banafshaj banafsaj	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
banafsheh	Other	Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013) Tradit. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
banaksha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
banaphsa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
banapsa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bansa	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
behussej	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
benephig	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bharg-e-banafsha	Other	Trad. Med. in Sri Lanka (Kankanamalage et al., 2014)
blue violet	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bugabanosa	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
common violet	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
curiyakan ti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
devon violet	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
english violet	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
fareer	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
farfeera	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
fialka	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
firfeer banajsaj	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
florist's violet	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
garden violet	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
gul banafsha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gul banafshah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gul-e-banafsha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
gule banafsha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kakosh	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
kokulu menekşe çiçeği	Other	Med. Pl. Trade Turkey (Özhatay et al., 1997)
kookash	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
luktviol	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
märzveilchen	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021)
märzveilchenblüten	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
märzveilchenkraut	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
märzveilchenwurzelstock	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
nioi-sumire	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
orital-t-tamarai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
parma violet	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
parma violets	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ratna purus	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ratnapurucu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sweet blueviolet	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
sweet violet	Other	Encyclopedia of Med. Pl. of UAE (2005) Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Israeli Trad. Med. (Lev, 2006) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
sweet-scented violet	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sweet-violet	Other	Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000) Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002)
vanaphsa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vanspika	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vayilethe	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vayilettu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vialethoo	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
vilalettu	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
viola	Other	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
viola odorata	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
violae odoratae flos	Pharmaceutical	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
violae odoratae herba	Pharmaceutical	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
violae odoratae rhizoma	Pharmaceutical	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
violeta	Other	Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006) Med. Pl. in Ethnobot./Relig. Trads., Cuba (Carlomagno et al., 2015) Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007) Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019)
violets	Other	Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020)
violette odorante	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
wild violet	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
xiang jin cai	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
البنفسج	Other	Trad. Med. in Syria: Folk Med. in Aleppo (Alachkara et al., 2011)
بنفسج	Other	Med. Pl. in Jordan (Oran, 1998) Tradit. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
بنفشه	Other	Tradit. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
‫بنفسج‬	Other	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
香堇菜	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
Flower, leaf		Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007)
Whole plant, leaves, roots and flowers		Encyclopedia of Med. Pl. of UAE (2005)
flower		Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
	Oil	Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002)
	Oil	Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000)
Flower		Tradit. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Flower		NTFPS in Swat, Pakistan (Latif et al., 2006)
aerial part		Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019)
root, leaves, entire plant	oil	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
leaves, flowers, roots	dry plant material	Trad. Med. in Sri Lanka (Kankanamalage et al., 2014)
flower		Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013)
flower		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
flower	dried flower	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
flower, leaf		Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001)
flower	vegetal drug	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
Flower		Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 3 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Viola hirta subsp. odorata (L.) Fiori in A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 404 (1898).
Viola hirta var. odorata (L.) Fiori in A.Fiori & al., Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 405 (1898).
Viola martii subsp. odorata (L.) Schimp. & Spenn. Fl. Friburg. 3: 1036 (1829), nom. illeg.

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Viola odarata L.	Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001)
Viola odorata	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Med. Pl. Trade Turkey (Özhatay et al., 1997) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) NTFPS in Swat, Pakistan (Latif et al., 2006) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007) Trad. Drugs in Israel at End C20th (Lev & Amar, 2000) Trad. Drugs in Jordan (Lev & Amar, 2002) Tradit. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Viola odorata L.	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017) Encyclopedia of Med. Pl. of UAE (2005) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Israeli Trad. Med. (Lev, 2006) Med. & Pois. Pl. 2 (Valkenburg et al., 1999) Med. Herbs Israel (Said et al., 2002) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006) Med. Pl. in Jordan (Oran, 1998) Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007) Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013) Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019) National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) Trad. Med. in Sri Lanka (Kankanamalage et al., 2014) Trad. Med. in Syria: Folk Med. in Aleppo (Alachkara et al., 2011) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Viola odorata Lin.	Med. Pl. in Ethnobot./Relig. Trads., Cuba (Carlomagno et al., 2015)
Viola odorata Linn.	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
Viola odorata Linné	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
Viola odorota L.	Orders & Families of Med. Pl. in Philippines (Carag & Buot, 2017)

The following online resources may contain further information about this plant. Please click on any link to search that resource. You may search using the accepted name alone OR using the accepted name and all of its synonyms simultaneously.

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