Plant Details

Accepted name:: Varronia curassavica Jacq. [Boraginaceae]
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Source:: World Checklist of Vascular Plants

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
barredor	Other	Pl. Res. of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico (Casas et al., 2001)
bhokur bark	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
black sage	Other	Non-Timber Forest Prod., NW District of Guyana (van Andel, 2000) Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2021)
black-sage	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Med. Pl. of Coastal Guyana (Lachman-White et al., 1992)
blaka oema wiwiri	Other	Med. Pl. Use by Surinamese in Amsterdam (van Andel et al., 2007)
cordia verbenacea	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
erva baleeira	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
erva-baleeira	Other	Med. Pl. Traded in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Leitão et al., 2014)
herbe condé	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
kaiasaika	Other	Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994)
mahot noir	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
orégano-cimarrón	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
riskupata	Other	Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994)
varronia curassavica whole	Other	Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) (FDA/NCATS, 2024)
wild sage	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Med. Pl. E Nicaragua (Coe et al., 1996) Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994)
wonu	Other	Non-Timber Forest Prod., NW District of Guyana (van Andel, 2000)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
stem, aerial parts, leaves	dried leaves	Med. Pl. of Coastal Guyana (Lachman-White et al., 1992)
leaves	young leaves	Non-Timber Forest Prod., NW District of Guyana (van Andel, 2000)
whole plant		Med. Pl. Use by Surinamese in Amsterdam (van Andel et al., 2007)
leaf		Med. Pl. E Nicaragua (Coe et al., 1996)
leaf		Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 89 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Cordia angustifolia (H.West) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 460 (1819), nom. illeg.
Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 460 (1819).
Cordia guianensis (Desv.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 460 (1819).
Cordia verbenacea A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 491 (1845).
Cordia barbata Estrada Fl. Colombia 14: 138 (1995).
Cordia brevispicata M.Martens & Galeotti Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(2): 331 (1844).
Cordia brevispicata var. hypomalaca Greenm. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 338 (1912).
Cordia canescens Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 799 (1819), nom. illeg.
Cordia canescens Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 73 (1818).
Cordia chacoensis Chodat Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 12: 218 (1920 publ. 1921).
Cordia chepensis Pittier Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 253 (1917).
Cordia cuneiformis A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 492 (1845).
Cordia cylindristachya var. graveolens (Kunth) Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. I.: 480 (1861).
Cordia cylindristachya var. interrupta (A.DC.) Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. I.: 480 (1861).
Cordia cylindristachya var. portoricensis (Spreng.) Bello Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 297 (1881).
Cordia divaricata Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 74 (1818).
Cordia graveolens Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 74 (1818).
Cordia hirsuta Fresen. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 8(1): 19 (1857), nom. illeg.
Cordia hirsuta var. stenophylla K.Schum. in unknown publication.
Cordia hispida Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulphur: 139 (1845).
Cordia imparilis J.F.Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 49: 16 (1917).
Cordia integrifolia (Desv.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 461 (1819).
Cordia interrupta A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 491 (1845).
Cordia intonsa I.M.Johnst. Contr. Gray Herb. 92: 28 (1930).
Cordia linearis A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 493 (1845).
Cordia littoralis Pittier Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 253 (1917).
Cordia macrostachya (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 461 (1819), nom. illeg.
Cordia macuirensis Dugand & I.M.Johnst. Caldasia 7: 107 (1955).
Cordia martinicensis Link Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 162 (1821), nom. illeg.
Cordia mollis Pittier Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 254 (1917).
Cordia obliqua (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 74 (1818), nom. illeg.
Cordia oxyphylla A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 492 (1845).
Cordia palmeri S.Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 62 (1889).
Cordia peruviana Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 459 (1819).
Cordia peruviana var. mexicana A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 491 (1845).
Cordia polystachya Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 73 (1818).
Cordia portoricensis Spreng. Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 2: 127 (1821).
Cordia ramirezii J.Estrada Fl. Colombia 14: 147 (1995).
Cordia resinosa Estrada Fl. Colombia 14: 133 (1995).
Cordia rugosa Willd. ex Schult. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 801 (1819).
Cordia salicina A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 492 (1845).
Cordia socorrensis Brandegee Erythea 7: 5 (1899).
Cordia spicata Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 799 (1819).
Cordia stenophylla Alain Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio "De La Salle" 15: 12 (1956).
Lantana bullata L. Sp. Pl.: 627 (1753).
Lithocardium angustifolium Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 976 (1891).
Lithocardium brevispicatum (M.Martens & Galeotti) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 976 (1891).
Lithocardium canescens (Kunth) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 976 (1891).
Lithocardium cuneiforme (A.DC.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 976 (1891).
Lithocardium curassavicum (Jacq.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977 (1891).
Lithocardium divaricatum (Kunth) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977 (1891).
Lithocardium hispidum (Benth.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977 (1891).
Lithocardium lineare (A.DC.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977 (1891).
Lithocardium macrostachyum (Jacq.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977 (1891).
Lithocardium oxyphyllum (A.DC.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977 (1891).
Lithocardium peruvianum (Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977 (1891).
Lithocardium polystachyum (Kunth) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977 (1891).
Lithocardium salicinum (A.DC.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977 (1891).
Lithocardium verbenaceum (A.DC.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 977 (1891).
Montjolya angustifolia (H.West) Friesen Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 24: 180 (1931-1932 publ. 1933).
Montjolya bullata (L.) Friesen Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 24: 142 (1931-1932 publ. 1933).
Montjolya guianensis (Desv.) Friesen Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 24: 142 (1931-1932 publ. 1933).
Montjolya integrifolia (Desv.) Friesen Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 24: 181 (1931-1932 publ. 1933).
Montjolya obliqua (Ruiz & Pav.) Friesen Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 24: 182 (1931-1932 publ. 1933).
Piloisia curassavica Raf. Sylva Tellur.: 43 (1838).
Varronia angustifolia H.West Bidr. Beskr. Ste Croix: 202 (1793).
Varronia brevispicata (M.Martens & Galeotti) Borhidi Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 390 (1988).
Varronia canescens (Kunth) Borhidi Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 390 (1988), nom. illeg.
Varronia chacoensis (Chodat) Borhidi Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 390 (1988).
Varronia cuneiformis (A.DC.) Borhidi Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 391 (1988).
Varronia divaricata (Kunth) Borhidi Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 391 (1988).
Varronia graveolens (Kunth) Borhidi Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 391 (1988).
Varronia guianensis Desv. J. Bot. (Desvaux) 1: 270 (1808).
Varronia hispida (Benth.) Borhidi Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 391 (1988), without basionym date.
Varronia integrifolia Desv. J. Bot. (Desvaux) 1: 271 (1808).
Varronia interrupta (A.DC.) Borhidi Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 392 (1988).
Varronia intonsa (I.M.Johnst.) J.S.Mill. Novon 17: 373 (2007).
Varronia linearis Pav. ex A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 493 (1845), pro syn.
Varronia macrostachya Jacq. Enum. Syst. Pl.: 14 (1760).
Varronia martinicensis Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 419 (1792), nom. illeg.
Varronia obliqua Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. 2: 24 (1799).
Varronia oxyphylla (A.DC.) Borhidi Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 392 (1988).
Varronia peruviana (Roem. & Schult.) Borhidi Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 393 (1988).
Varronia polystachya (Kunth) Borhidi Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 393 (1988).
Varronia portoricensis (Spreng.) Feuillet Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98: 173 (2012).
Varronia ramirezii (J.Estrada) T.S.Silva & J.I.M.Melo Harvard Pap. Bot. 24: 25 (2019).
Varronia rugosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 801 (1819), pro syn.
Varronia salicina (A.DC.) Borhidi Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 393 (1988).
Varronia verbenacea (A.DC.) Borhidi Acta Bot. Hung. 34: 393 (1988).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Cordia angustifolia Roem. & Schult.	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015)
Cordia curassavica	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) Med. Pl. Use by Surinamese in Amsterdam (van Andel et al., 2007) Med. Pl. of Coastal Guyana (Lachman-White et al., 1992)
Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) R & S	Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994)
Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) R. & S.	SOTWP 2016: Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2015)
Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem & Schult.	Non-Timber Forest Prod., NW District of Guyana (van Andel, 2000)
Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult.	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) SOTWP 2016: Useful Pl. & Fungi Project (2015) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. and Schult.	Med. Pl. Traded in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Leitão et al., 2014)
Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. et Schult.	Med. Pl. E Nicaragua (Coe et al., 1996)
Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roemer & Schultes	Pl. Res. of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico (Casas et al., 2001)
Cordia guianensis	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
Cordia guianensis Roem. & Schult.	World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Cordia verbenacea	Med. Fitoterápicos no Brasil (Carvalho et al., 2008) Med. Pl. Against Snake Envenomation (Kanojia et al., 2012)
Cordia verbenacea DC.	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. Pl. of Brazil (Mors et al., 2000)
Cordia verbenacea Dc.	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Varronia curassavica Jacq.	GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) (FDA/NCATS, 2024) Med. Pl. Argentine Flora (Barboza et al., 2009) Med. Pl. Traded in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Leitão et al., 2014) Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2021) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2024) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2025) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2022 (WHO-UMC, 2022) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020)

The following online resources may contain further information about this plant. Please click on any link to search that resource. You may search using the accepted name alone OR using the accepted name and all of its synonyms simultaneously.