Plant Details

Accepted name:: Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms [Fabaceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( High Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
balsa	Other	Med. Pl. of the Popoluca, Mexico (Leonti et al., 2002)
balsa cuy	Other	Med. Pl. of the Popoluca, Mexico (Leonti et al., 2002)
balsam of peru	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
balsam of tolu	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
balsam peru	Other	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
balsam peru oil	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018) Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
balsam-of-peru	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
balsam-of-peru tree	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
balsam-of-peru-tree	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
balsam-of-tolu	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
balsama de matagalpa	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
balsamo	Other	Med. Pl. for Diabetes in C America (Giovannini et al., 2016) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
balsamo de el salvador	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
balsamo del tolù	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
balsamo do peru	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
balsamum peruvianum	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (Anvisa, 2010) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
balsamum tolutanum	Pharmaceutical	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (Anvisa, 2010) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
baume de tolu	Other	Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
baume de tolú	Other	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009)
baume du pérou	Other	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009) Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
baumier de tolu	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
baumier du pérou	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
baumire de tolu	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
bálsamo	Other	Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019)
bálsamo blanco	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
bálsamo de perú	Other	Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001)
bálsamo de tolu	Other	Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (Anvisa, 2010)
bálsamo de tolú	Other	Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
bálsamo del perú	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
bálsamo do peru	Other	Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (Anvisa, 2010) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
bálsamo peruviano	Other	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
cabreuva	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
chaquino	Other	Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007)
chirraca	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
estoraque	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Med. Pl. of Chazuta Valley (Sanz-Biset et al., 2009) Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2021)
huamburo	Other	Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019)
kattakumanjal	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
naba	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
oleo vermelho	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
opobalsam	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
palo de balsamo	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
peru balsam	Other	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacopoeia 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
perubalsam	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
perubalsambaum	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
perubalsamträd	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
peruvian balsam	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
piupinten	Other	Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2021)
quinoquino	Other	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999)
tolu	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
tolu balsam	Other	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacopoeia 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
tolu balsam syrup	Other	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
tolu balsam tincture	Other	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)
tolu balsam tree	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
tolu-balsam-tree	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
tolubalsam	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
tolubalsambaum	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
árbol de tolú	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
árbol tolú	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
秘鲁香胶	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
trunk	oleo-resin	British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
Bark		Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007)
bark		Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
	balsam	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
Balsam		WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
Resin		Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
leaf		Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019)
	balsam	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
	balsam	WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
balsam		U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)
exudate		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
stem	oleo-resin	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008)
	oil	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
	balsam	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
trunk	oleoresin	European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007)
stem	balm	Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001)
	vegetal drug, tincture, balsam	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
resin		Med. Pl. of Chazuta Valley (Sanz-Biset et al., 2009)
exudate	essential oil	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009)
trunk	oleoresin	Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (Anvisa, 2010)
trunk	Oleo-resin obtained from the trunk	European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012)
	tincture	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013)
bark	balm	Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012)
corteza		Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 19 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Myrospermum pereirae Royle Man. Mat. Med., ed. 2: 414 (1853).
Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae (Royle) Harms Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 95 (1908).
Myroxylon pereirae (Royle) Klotzsch Bonplandia (Hannover) 5: 274 (1857).
Myroxylon toluiferum A.Rich. Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 2: 171 (1824), nom. superfl.
Toluifera balsamum L. Sp. Pl.: 384 (1753).
Myrospermum balsamiferum Ruiz & Pav. Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 14: 717 (1956).
Myrospermum balsamiferum Ruiz & Pav. Icon. Ined.: t. 373 (1830), not validly publ.
Myrospermum punctatum (Klotzsch) Walp. Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 805 (1843).
Myrospermum sonsonatense Pereira ex Oerst. Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1855: 27 (1855), nom. superfl.
Myrospermum toluiferum DC. Prodr. 2: 95 (1825), nom. superfl.
Myroxylon balsamum var. genuinum Harms Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 94 (1908), not validly publ.
Myroxylon balsamum var. punctatum (Klotzsch) Harms Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 97 (1908).
Myroxylon hanburyanum Klotzsch Bonplandia (Hannover) 5: 275 (1857).
Myroxylon punctatum Klotzsch in F.G.Hayne, Getreue Darstell. Gew. 14: t. 12 (1843).
Myroxylon sonsouatense (Pereira ex Oerst.) Flück. & D.Hanb. Pharmacogr.: 179 (1874).
Toluifera balsamum var. pereirae (Royle) Baill. Traité Bot. Méd. Phan.: 676 (1883).
Toluifera balsamum var. punctata (Klotzsch) Baill. Traité Bot. Méd. Phan.: 677 (1883).
Toluifera pereirae (Royle) Baill. Hist. Pl. 2: 383 (1870).
Toluifera punctata (Klotzsch) Baill. Hist. Pl. 2: 383 (1870).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Myrospermum pereirae Royle	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
Myroxylon balsamum	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020) Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Med. Fitoterápicos no Brasil (Carvalho et al., 2008) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007)
Myroxylon balsamum (L) Harms. var. pereirae (Roy)	Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms	Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012) Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (Anvisa, 2010) ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006) Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007) Med. Pl. of Brazil (Mors et al., 2000) Med. Pl. of the Popoluca, Mexico (Leonti et al., 2002) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2021) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms var. balsamum	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacopoeia 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. Pl. Latin America (Duke, 2009) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)
Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms var. pereirae (Royle) Harms	European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001) Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (Anvisa, 2010) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. Pl. Latin America (Duke, 2009)
Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms var. pereirae (Royle) Harms.	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacopoeia 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013)
Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms.	Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019) Med. Pl. of Chazuta Valley (Sanz-Biset et al., 2009)
Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Hartwich	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Myroxylon balsamum (L.)Harms	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Myroxylon balsamum (Linné) Harms	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
Myroxylon balsamum (Linné) Harms var. pereirae (Royle)	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
Myroxylon balsamum (Linné) var.balsamum Harms	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
Myroxylon balsamum Harms.	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
Myroxylon balsamum Hartwich.	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Myroxylon balsamum var. balsamum (L.) Harms	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae (Royale) Harms	Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (Anvisa, 2010)
Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae (Royle) Harms	Med. Pl. for Diabetes in C America (Giovannini et al., 2016) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Myroxylon pereirae	Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007)
Myroxylon pereirae (Royle) Klotzsch	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Myroxylon pereirae Klotszch	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Myroxylon pereirae Klotzsch	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
Myroxylon pereirae Klotzsch.	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Myroxylon pereirae Royle Klotzsche	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018) Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
Myroxylon toluiferum A.Rich.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Myroxylon toluiferum H.B.et K.	Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
Myroxylon toluiferum Humb.	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Myroxylon toluiferum Rich.	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Toluifera balsamum	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Toluifera balsamum L.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)

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