Plant Details

Accepted name:: Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms [Fabaceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( High Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
balsam of peru	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
balsam of tolu	Other	Encyclopedia of Herb. Medicine (Bartram, 1995) Plants of Econ. Importance (FAO, 1983) SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999) The Plant-Book (Mabberley, 1996) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
balsam peru	Other	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
balsam peru oil	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018-2019) Food Chemicals Codex, 6th Edn. (USP, 2008)
balsam-of-peru	Other	Amazonian Ethnobot. Dictionary (Duke et al., 1994) GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) The Plant-Book (Mabberley, 1996) World Economic Plants (Wiersema et al., 2013)
balsam-of-peru tree	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
balsam-of-peru-tree	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
balsam-of-tolu	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
balsama de matagalpa	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
balsamo	Other	Med. Plants for Diabetes in C. America (Giovannini et al., 2016) SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
balsamo de el salvador	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
balsamo de tolú	Other	Plants of Econ. Importance (FAO, 1983) World Economic Plants (Wiersema et al., 2013)
balsamo del perù	Other	Dizionario delle Erbe Med. (Suozzi, 1995)
balsamo del perú	Other	Plants of Econ. Importance (FAO, 1983) World Economic Plants (Wiersema et al., 2013)
balsamo del tolù	Other	Dizionario delle Erbe Med. (Suozzi, 1995) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
balsamo do peru	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
balsamum peruvianum	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (2010) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
balsamum tolutanum	Pharmaceutical	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (2010) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
baume de tolu	Other	Les Plantes Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
baume de tolú	Other	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009)
baume du pérou	Other	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009) Les Plantes Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
baumier de tolu	Other	Dizionario delle Erbe Med. (Suozzi, 1995) GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Les Plantes Arom. et Med. (Bremness, 1996)
baumier du pérou	Other	Dizionario delle Erbe Med. (Suozzi, 1995) GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Plants of Econ. Importance (FAO, 1983) World Economic Plants (Wiersema et al., 2013)
baumire de tolu	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
bálsamo blanco	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
bálsamo de perú	Other	Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001)
bálsamo de tolu	Other	Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (2010)
bálsamo de tolú	Other	Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012) GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
bálsamo del perú	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
bálsamo do peru	Other	Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (2010) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
bálsamo peruviano	Other	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
cabreuva	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
chaquino	Other	Med. Plts. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene, 2007)
chirraca	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
estoraque	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Med. Pl. of Chazuta Valley (Sanz-Biset et al., 2009) Plants for Malaria, Plants for Fever (Milliken, 2021)
kattakumanjal	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
myroxyle	Other	Dizionario delle Erbe Med. (Suozzi, 1995) Les Plantes Arom. et Med. (Bremness, 1996)
naba	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
oleo vermelho	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
opobalsam	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
palo de balsamo	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
peru balsam	Other	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacopoeia 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
perubalsam	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
perubalsambaum	Other	Dizionario delle Erbe Med. (Suozzi, 1995) GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Plants of Econ. Importance (FAO, 1983)
perubalsamträd	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
peruvian balsam	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
piupinten	Other	Plants for Malaria, Plants for Fever (Milliken, 2021)
quinoquino	Other	SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
tolu	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
tolu balsam	Other	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacopoeia 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
tolu balsam syrup	Other	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
tolu balsam tincture	Other	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013)
tolu balsam tree	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
tolu-balsam-tree	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
tolu-balsambaum	Other	Dizionario delle Erbe Med. (Suozzi, 1995) Kräuter Gewürze und Heilpflanzen (Bremness, 1994) World Economic Plants (Wiersema et al., 2013)
tolubalsam	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
tolubalsambaum	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
árbol de tolú	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
árbol tolú	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
trunk	oleo-resin	British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
Bark		Med. Plts. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene, 2007)
bark		Les Plantes Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
	balsam	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
Balsam		WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
Resin		Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
exudate		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
stem	oleo-resin	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008)
	oil	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th Edn. (USP, 2008)
	balsam	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
trunk	oleoresin	European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007)
stem	balm	Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001)
	vegetal drug, tincture, balsam	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
resin		Med. Pl. of Chazuta Valley (Sanz-Biset et al., 2009)
exudate	essential oil	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009)
trunk	oleoresin	Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (2010)
trunk	Oleo-resin obtained from the trunk	European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012)
	tincture	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013)
bark	balm	Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012)
corteza		Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 19 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Myrospermum pereirae Royle Man. Mat. Med., ed. 2: 414 (1853).
Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae (Royle) Harms Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 95 (1908).
Myroxylon pereirae (Royle) Klotzsch Bonplandia (Hannover) 5: 274 (1857).
Myroxylon toluiferum A.Rich. Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 2: 171 (1824), nom. superfl.
Toluifera balsamum L. Sp. Pl.: 384 (1753).
Myrospermum balsamiferum Ruiz & Pav. Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 14: 717 (1956).
Myrospermum balsamiferum Ruiz & Pav. Icon. Ined.: t. 373 (1830), not validly publ.
Myrospermum punctatum (Klotzsch) Walp. Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 805 (1843).
Myrospermum sonsonatense Pereira ex Oerst. Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1855: 27 (1855), nom. superfl.
Myrospermum toluiferum DC. Prodr. 2: 95 (1825), nom. superfl.
Myroxylon balsamum var. genuinum Harms Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 94 (1908), not validly publ.
Myroxylon balsamum var. punctatum (Klotzsch) Harms Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 97 (1908).
Myroxylon hanburyanum Klotzsch Bonplandia (Hannover) 5: 275 (1857).
Myroxylon punctatum Klotzsch in F.G.Hayne, Getreue Darstell. Gew. 14: t. 12 (1843).
Myroxylon sonsouatense (Pereira ex Oerst.) Flück. & D.Hanb. Pharmacogr.: 179 (1874).
Toluifera balsamum var. pereirae (Royle) Baill. Traité Bot. Méd. Phan.: 676 (1883).
Toluifera balsamum var. punctata (Klotzsch) Baill. Traité Bot. Méd. Phan.: 677 (1883).
Toluifera pereirae (Royle) Baill. Hist. Pl. 2: 383 (1870).
Toluifera punctata (Klotzsch) Baill. Hist. Pl. 2: 383 (1870).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Myrospermum pereirae Royle	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
Myroxylon balsamum	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020) Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Substances in Medicines, Australia (TGA, 2007)
Myroxylon balsamum (L) Harms. var. pereirae (Roy)	Les Plantes Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms	Dizionario delle Erbe Med. (Suozzi, 1995) Encyclopedia of Herb. Medicine (Bartram, 1995) Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012) Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (2010) ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009) Kräuter Gewürze und Heilpflanzen (Bremness, 1994) Les Plantes Arom. et Med. (Bremness, 1996) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Med. Plts. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene, 2007) Medicinal Plants of Brazil (Mors et al., 2000) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Plants for Malaria, Plants for Fever (Milliken, 2021) Plants of Econ. Importance (FAO, 1983) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (2015) The Plant-Book (Mabberley, 1996) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) World Economic Plants (Wiersema et al., 2013)
Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms var. balsamum	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacopoeia 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. Pl. Latin America (Duke, 2009) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013)
Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms var. pereirae (Royle) Harms	European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001) Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (2010) GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. Pl. Latin America (Duke, 2009)
Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms var. pereirae (Royle) Harms.	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacopoeia 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013)
Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms.	Med. Pl. of Chazuta Valley (Sanz-Biset et al., 2009)
Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Hartwich	Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Myroxylon balsamum (L.)Harms	SEPASAL Database (Kew, 2020) SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
Myroxylon balsamum (Linné) Harms	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
Myroxylon balsamum (Linné) Harms var. pereirae (Royle)	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
Myroxylon balsamum (Linné) var.balsamum Harms	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
Myroxylon balsamum Hartwich.	Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Myroxylon balsamum var. balsamum (L.) Harms	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae (Royale) Harms	Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (2010)
Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae (Royle) Harms	Amazonian Ethnobot. Dictionary (Duke et al., 1994) Dizionario delle Erbe Med. (Suozzi, 1995) Med. Plants for Diabetes in C. America (Giovannini et al., 2016) Plants of Econ. Importance (FAO, 1983) The Plant-Book (Mabberley, 1996) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) World Economic Plants (Wiersema et al., 2013)
Myroxylon pereirae	Substances in Medicines, Australia (TGA, 2007)
Myroxylon pereirae (Royle) Klotzsch	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Myroxylon pereirae Klotszch	SEPASAL Database (Kew, 2020) SEPASAL database (Kew, 1999)
Myroxylon pereirae Klotzsch	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
Myroxylon pereirae Klotzsch.	Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Myroxylon pereirae Royle Klotzsche	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018-2019) Food Chemicals Codex, 6th Edn. (USP, 2008)
Myroxylon toluiferum A.Rich.	SEPASAL Database (Kew, 2020)
Myroxylon toluiferum H.B.et K.	Les Plantes Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
Myroxylon toluiferum Humb.	Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Myroxylon toluiferum Rich.	Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Toluifera balsamum	Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Toluifera balsamum L.	SEPASAL Database (Kew, 2020)

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