Plant Details

Accepted name:: Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. [Fabaceae]
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Source:: World Checklist of Vascular Plants

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
akleel-ul-mulk	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
asaab-ulmalik	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
aspurk	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cao mu xi	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
common melilot	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
cornilla real	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
dary kashk.a bede	Other	Med. Pl. Uzbekistan & Kyrgyzstan (Eisenman et al., 2013)
donnik lekarstvennyy	Other	Med. Pl. Uzbekistan & Kyrgyzstan (Eisenman et al., 2013)
echter steinklee	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
ecleel-ol-malek	Other	Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
field melilot	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
gayaqaisar	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gelber steinklee	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
gul sötväppling	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
hadendekhokh	Other	Med. Pl. in Iraq (Al-Douri, 2000)
haleenothus	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
hindigug	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
hsun ts'ao	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
ikil-ul-malik	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
ikleel-ul-malik	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
iklil el malik	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
iklil-ul-malik	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
iklilulmalik	Other	Trad. Use of Ethnomed. Pl. of Saudi Arabia (Aati et al., 2019)
kashk.ar beda	Other	Med. Pl. Uzbekistan & Kyrgyzstan (Eisenman et al., 2013)
kings-clover	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kokulu yonca	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
ling ling hsiang	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
maleelothus	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
malka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
melilot	Other	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacop. 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) EMA Com. Monog.: Melilotus officinalis, herb. (2007) European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2024 (WHO-UMC, 2024)
meliloti herba	Pharmaceutical	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) EMA Com. Monog.: Melilotus officinalis, herb. (2007) European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
meliloto	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
meliloto amarillo	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
meliloto giallo	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
melilotus officinalis	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
meliot	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
mirliro	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
mélilot	Other	Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacop.: Liste A (2000)
mélilot jaune	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
mélilot officinal	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
naakhunaa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
naakhuunaa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
nefel	Other	Med. Pl. in Iraq (Al-Douri, 2000)
nifal	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
nākhonak	Other	Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
qashqarbeda	Other	Med. Pl. Chatkal Reserve, Uzbekistan (Egamberdieva et al., 2012)
ribbed melilot	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
ribbed or common melilot	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
saba-e-mulk	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
seiyo-ebira-hagi	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
seiyō-ebira-hagi	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
shah afsar	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shirghorjak	Other	Med. Pl. Use: Tajik & Afghan Pamirs (Kassam et al., 2010)
sprkka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
steinklee	Other	Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021)
steinkleekraut	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
sweet clover	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
sweet glover	Other	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
sweet lucerne	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tonkin bean	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
trevo-cheiroso	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
trifoglio cavallino	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
trébol de olor	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
yellow me	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
yellow melilot	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
yellow sweet clover	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
yellow sweet-clover	Other	Med. Pl. Use: Tajik & Afghan Pamirs (Kassam et al., 2010)
yellow sweetclover	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. Pl. Uzbekistan & Kyrgyzstan (Eisenman et al., 2013) Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
zirir	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
اكليل الملك	Other	Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
ناخنک	Other	Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
‫حندقوق شائع‬	Other	National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014)
黄零陵香	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
aerial parts		British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
flowering tops		Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacop.: Liste A (2000)
herba		EMA Com. Monog.: Melilotus officinalis, herb. (2007)
Fruit		Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Flower, Flowering top, Herb		WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019)
Flower		Med. Pl. in Iraq (Al-Douri, 2000)
Flowers, stems, roots		Trad. Use of Ethnomed. Pl. of Saudi Arabia (Aati et al., 2019)
flower, leaves, seed	seed oil	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
herb, whole plant		Med. Pl. Chatkal Reserve, Uzbekistan (Egamberdieva et al., 2012)
flower, herb, flowering top		WHODrug Herbal Substances 2024 (WHO-UMC, 2024)
herb		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
aerial parts	whole or cut, dried aerial parts	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008)
aerial parts	whole or cut, dried aerial parts	European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007)
aerial parts	Whole or cut, dried aerial parts	European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012)
herb		Med. Pl. Uzbekistan & Kyrgyzstan (Eisenman et al., 2013)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 51 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Melilotus arvensis Wallr. Sched. Crit.: 391 (1822).
Trifolium officinale L. Sp. Pl.: 765 (1753).
Brachylobus officinalis (L.) Dulac Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 279 (1867).
Medicago officinalis (L.) E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 9: 127 (1901).
Melilotus armenus Boiss. Diagn. Pl. Orient. 9: 11 (1849).
Melilotus arvensis var. albus St.-Lag. in A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2: 173 (1889).
Melilotus arvensis var. grandiflorus Lamotte Prodr. Fl. Plat. Centr. 1: 194 (1876).
Melilotus arvensis proles luxurians Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 59 (1899).
Melilotus arvensis proles maximus (Legrand) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 5: 59 (1899).
Melilotus arvensis var. maximus (Legrand) St.-Lag. in A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2: 173 (1889).
Melilotus bungeanus Boiss. Fl. Orient. 2: 108 (1872).
Melilotus citrinus Duval ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot. 1: 520 (1821), not validly publ.
Melilotus diffusus W.D.J.Koch ex DC. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 6: 564 (1815).
Melilotus expansus Rchb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 498 (1832).
Melilotus flavus Pall. Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 654 (1776).
Melilotus kochianus DC. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 6: 564 (1815), nom. illeg.
Melilotus longipedicellatus Rosbach Verh. Naturhist. Vereines Preuss. Rheinl. Westphalens 1875(Sitzb.): 292 (1875).
Melilotus lutescens Gilib. Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 84 (1782), opus utique oppr.
Melilotus luteus Gueldenst. Reis. Russland 2: 255 (1791).
Melilotus luxurians Shuttlew. ex Rouy & Foucaud Fl. France 5: 59 (1899).
Melilotus macrorhizus Besser Enum. Pl. Volh.: 30 (1821), nom. illeg.
Melilotus macrorrhizus var. palustris (Waldst. & Kit.) W.D.J.Koch in J.C.Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 5: 248 (1839).
Melilotus macrospermus K.Koch ex Boiss. Fl. Orient. 2: 109 (1872).
Melilotus mauritanicus Willd. Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol.: 789 (1809).
Melilotus maximus Legrand Statist. Bot. Forez: 101 (1873).
Melilotus melilotus-officinalis (Crantz) Asch. & Graebn. Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl.: 435 (1898), orth. var.
Melilotus montanus Gaudin Fl. Helv. 4: 607 (1829).
Melilotus nebrodensis Jord. ex Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur.: 172 (1878), not validly publ.
Melilotus neglectus Ten. Fl. Napol. 5: 135 (1836).
Melilotus officinalis var. expansa Mutel Fl. Franç. Herbor. 1: 253 (1834).
Melilotus officinalis var. maximus (Legrand) Kojić Fl. SR Srbije 4: 423 (1972).
Melilotus officinalis f. maximus Legrand Station Bot. For.: 101 (1899).
Melilotus pallidus Besser Index Seminum (KALIN, Krzemieniec) 1823: [7] (1823).
Melilotus paluster Menyh. Oesterr. Bot. Z. 27: 231 (1877), orth. var.
Melilotus palustris (Waldst. & Kit.) Schult. Oestr. Fl., ed. 2, 2: 346 (1814).
Melilotus petitpierreanus Willd. Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol.: 790 (1809).
Melilotus petitpierrianus Willd. ex Ces., Pass. & Gibelli Comp. Fl. Italiana 2: 718 (1886), orth. var.
Melilotus rugosus Gilib. Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 83 (1782), opus utique oppr.
Melilotus virescens Jord. Index Seminum (GR, Gratianopolis) 1853: 11 (1853).
Sertula arvensis (Wallr.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 205 (1891).
Sertula bungeana (Boiss.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 205 (1891).
Sertula maior Lunell Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 426 (1916), nom. superfl.
Sertula officinalis (L.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 205 (1891).
Sertula pallida (Besser) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 205 (1891).
Trifolium mauritianum Steud. Nomencl. Bot. 1: 849 (1821), not validly publ.
Trifolium melilotus-mauritanicum Schousb. Iagttag. Vextrig. Marokko: 196 (1800).
Trifolium melilotus-officinarum Crantz Inst. Rei Herb. 2: 41 (1766), orth. var.
Trifolium palustre Waldst. & Kit. Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 3: 295 (1812).
Trifolium petitpierreanum Hayne Neues J. Bot. 2(2): 337 (1807).
Trifolium vulgare Hayne Neues J. Bot. 2(2): 336 (1807).
Trigonella officinalis (L.) Coulot & Rabaute Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest. Numero Special 40: 641 (2013).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Melilotus arvensis	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
Melilotus off.	Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Melilotus officinalis	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Herbal Med. in Jordan (Abu-Irmaileh & Afifi, 2003) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Med. Fitoterápicos no Brasil (Carvalho et al., 2008) Med. Pl. in Russia & C Asia (Mamedov et al., 2004) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007) Trad. Use of Ethnomed. Pl. of Saudi Arabia (Aati et al., 2019)
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Desr.	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacop. 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) EMA Com. Monog.: Melilotus officinalis, herb. (2007) European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020)
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Medikus	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. Pl. Chatkal Reserve, Uzbekistan (Egamberdieva et al., 2012) Med. Pl. Uzbekistan & Kyrgyzstan (Eisenman et al., 2013) Med. Pl. in Azerbaijan Republic (Ibadullayeva, 2020) Med. and Magical Pl. of S Africa (Arnold et al., 2002) National List of Med. Pl. in Palestine (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2014) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2024 (WHO-UMC, 2024) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998)
Melilotus officinalis (L.) pall.	Checklist of Korean Cult. Pl. (Mun-Chan et al., 1986)
Melilotus officinalis (Lam.) Desr.	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
Melilotus officinalis Desfontaines	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Melilotus officinalis Desr.	Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacop.: Liste A (2000)
Melilotus officinalis L.	Med. Pl. Use: Tajik & Afghan Pamirs (Kassam et al., 2010)
Melilotus officinalis Lam	Med. Pl. in Iraq (Al-Douri, 2000)
Melilotus officinalis Linn.	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
Trifolium officinalis Willd.	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)

The following online resources may contain further information about this plant. Please click on any link to search that resource. You may search using the accepted name alone OR using the accepted name and all of its synonyms simultaneously.