Plant Details

Accepted name:: Bixa orellana L. [Bixaceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( High Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
aarnatu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
achiote	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Guía de la Col. de Pl. Med. de PCTY (Méndez González et al., 2016) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med Pl. of Myanmar (DeFilipps & Krupnick, 2018) Med. Pl. Argentine Flora (Barboza et al., 2009) Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994) Med. Pl. for Diabetes in C America (Giovannini et al., 2016) Med. Pl. in Ethnobot./Relig. Trads., Cuba (Carlomagno et al., 2015) Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007) Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019) Med. Pl. of Chazuta Valley (Sanz-Biset et al., 2009) Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2021) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
achote	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Med. Pl. Argentine Flora (Barboza et al., 2009) Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994)
aliup	Other	Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994)
amudadaram	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
amuttaram	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
anaththa	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
anato	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
anatto	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
anatto tree	Other	Useful Pl. of Kongo C Province, Vol 1-2 (Latham & ku Mbuta, 2017)
anattostrauch	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
annata	Other	Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994)
annato	Other	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021)
annatoo	Other	Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994)
annatto	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Med Pl. of Myanmar (DeFilipps & Krupnick, 2018) Med. Pl. Argentine Flora (Barboza et al., 2009) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
annatto extracts	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018) Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
aploppas	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
arnatto	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
arnattu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
arnotto	Other	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
arnotto tree	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
aruna	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
atole	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
aulala	Other	Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994)
avam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
açafroa	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007) Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008)
açafroeira-da-terra	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
açafrão	Other	Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007) Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008)
bangaara kaayi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bangarakayi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bhangarakai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bhangarakayi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bija	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Med. Pl. Argentine Flora (Barboza et al., 2009) Med. Pl. in Ethnobot./Relig. Trads., Cuba (Carlomagno et al., 2015)
bixa	Other	Med. Pl. Argentine Flora (Barboza et al., 2009) Useful Pl. of Kongo C Province, Vol 1-2 (Latham & ku Mbuta, 2017)
bixa orellana	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
camankalikam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cappira	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cappiran	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
carani	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
caruni	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chaayulitha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chayalitha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
colorau	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
curanacanimaram	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
curattunacani	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
geluga	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
gowpurgee	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gusèwe	Other	Med. Pl. E Nicaragua (Coe et al., 1996)
hong mu	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
hóng mù	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
inai keling	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
induriya	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
irakumancal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jaabara	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jaabura	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jaapharaa chettu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jaaphra	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jaaphredu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jabara	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
jabaru kaya	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jabura	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jaffra	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jaffra-maram	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jaffrachettu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jafra	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
japhara	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
japhredu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
japrero	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
jarak belanda	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
kaesari	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kanawexuwi	Other	Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2021)
kappu mankaali	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kappumankala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
karachhada	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
karankumankal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kesari	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kesari rangu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
keshri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kesui	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kesumba	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
kesumba keling	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
kesuri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kisri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
konkamaram	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
konkaram	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
konkaramam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
konkaramaram	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
konkarayam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
konkari	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
korangumunga	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
korungoomungal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kunguman	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kunkumam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kunyit jawa	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
kuppaimancal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kuppamanhale	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kuppamanjal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kuppamannal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kurakumancal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kurangamanchil	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kurankumancal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kurannamannal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kurannumannal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kuswe	Other	Med. Pl. Trade in Suriname (van Andel et al., 2007)
k´uxub	Other	Guía de la Col. de Pl. Med. de PCTY (Méndez González et al., 2016)
latakana	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
latkan	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
latkan dana	Other	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
latkhan	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
lipstick tree	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
lipstick-tree	Other	Med Pl. of Myanmar (DeFilipps & Krupnick, 2018)
lipsticktree	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
manjitti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
mantiravanci	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maxë	Other	Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2021)
mohsã	Other	Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2021)
nakamucikai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nakamucikaimaram	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
naravu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
naravucaram	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nata	Other	Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994)
nteke	Other	Useful Pl. of Kongo C Province, Vol 1-2 (Latham & ku Mbuta, 2017)
orellana	Other	Med. Pl. Argentine Flora (Barboza et al., 2009)
orleansstrauch	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
otta	Other	Med. Pl. Argentine Flora (Barboza et al., 2009)
otto	Other	Med. Pl. Argentine Flora (Barboza et al., 2009)
punkavi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
raktabija	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
raktapushpa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rangamalar	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rangamali	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ranggida	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rangoomalai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rangu gida	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rangu maale	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rangu malaar	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rangu malle	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rangumaale	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rangumale	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rangumalle	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rata kaha	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
rocouyer	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Useful Pl. of Kongo C Province, Vol 1-2 (Latham & ku Mbuta, 2017)
roucou	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
roucouyer	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
rudga gida	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rungamali	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sabara	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sannajabbale	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sannajapali	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sappira virai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sappiravirai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sendri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
senduria	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shambo	Other	Med. Pl. of Chazuta Valley (Sanz-Biset et al., 2009)
shendri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shonapushpi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sindhuri	Other	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
sinduraka	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
sindurapuspi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sinduri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
sinduria	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sinduriya	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sinduriyaa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
sindurpushpi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sunomala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
thinbaw-tidin	Other	Med Pl. of Myanmar (DeFilipps & Krupnick, 2018)
tmaring	Other	Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994)
trivapushpi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tumpacitamaram	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
turumam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
uragumanjai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
uragumanjal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
urucu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
urucum	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007) Med. Pl. Argentine Flora (Barboza et al., 2009) Med. Pl. Traded in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Leitãoa et al., 2014) Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008) Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2021)
urucú	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Med. Pl. Argentine Flora (Barboza et al., 2009) Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2021)
urucú-bravo	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
varagumanjal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vatkana	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vennaivirai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
virpushpa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
yān zhī mù	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
අනත්ත	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
රටකහ	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
红木	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
胭脂木	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
Leaf		Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007)
Roots, Seeds		Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
leaf, frond, root bark, seed, aril, arillus		Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
seeds, leaves		Guía de la Col. de Pl. Med. de PCTY (Méndez González et al., 2016)
Seed		Med Pl. of Myanmar (DeFilipps & Krupnick, 2018)
fruits		Med. Pl. Trade in Suriname (van Andel et al., 2007)
aerial part, leaf, fruit, seed, bud, flower, stem		Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019)
leaves, root bark, seed pulp, fruit, seed		Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
seeds		Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018)
seed		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
seed	extract	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
leaf		Med. Pl. of Chazuta Valley (Sanz-Biset et al., 2009)
seed, leaf		Med. Pl. E Nicaragua (Coe et al., 1996)
aril of seed, root, leaf		Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008)
aril of seed, root, leaf		Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007)
leaf, seed		Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994)
Fruit (Seed)		Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
Bark, Branch + leaf, Dried leaf + seed, Leaf, Root, Seed		Med. Pl. Argentine Flora (Barboza et al., 2009)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 14 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Bixa acuminata Bojer Hortus Maurit.: 20 (1837), not validly publ.
Bixa americana Poir. in J.B.A.P.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 229 (1804).
Bixa katangensis Delpierre Taxon 19: 304 (1970).
Bixa odorata Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don Gen. Hist. 1: 295 (1831).
Bixa orellana var. leiocarpa (Kuntze) Standl. & L.O.Williams Fieldiana, Bot. 29: 358 (1961).
Bixa orellana f. leiocarpa (Kuntze) J.F.Macbr. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(4): 11 (1941).
Bixa orleana Noronha Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 8 (1790), orth. var.
Bixa purpurea Sweet Hort. Brit.: 33 (1826).
Bixa tinctaria Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 369 (1796), nom. superfl.
Bixa upatensis Ram.Goyena Fl. Nicarag. 1: 217 (1909).
Orellana americana (Poir.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 44 (1891).
Orellana americana var. leiocarpa Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 45 (1891).
Orellana americana var. normalis Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 45 (1891), not validly publ.
Orellana orellana (L.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 9 (1898), not validly publ.

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Bixa orellana	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020) Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Handbook African Med. Pl. (Iwu, 1993) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007) Useful Pl. of Kongo C Province, Vol 1-2 (Latham & ku Mbuta, 2017)
Bixa orellana L.	Comm. Med. Pl. Harvesting, Suriname (van Andel & Havinga, 2008) Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017) Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018) Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Guía de la Col. de Pl. Med. de PCTY (Méndez González et al., 2016) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med Pl. of Myanmar (DeFilipps & Krupnick, 2018) Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007) Med. Pl. Argentine Flora (Barboza et al., 2009) Med. Pl. E Nicaragua (Coe et al., 1996) Med. Pl. Latin America (Duke, 2009) Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994) Med. Pl. Trade in Suriname (van Andel et al., 2007) Med. Pl. Traded in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Leitãoa et al., 2014) Med. Pl. for Diabetes in C America (Giovannini et al., 2016) Med. Pl. in Loja & Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (Tene et al., 2007) Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019) Med. Pl. of Brazil (Mors et al., 2000) Med. Pl. of Chazuta Valley (Sanz-Biset et al., 2009) Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008) Orders & Families of Med. Pl. in Philippines (Carag & Buot, 2017) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2021) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) SOTWP 2016: PROTA (2015) SOTWP 2016: Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2015) SOTWP 2016: Useful Pl. & Fungi Project (2015) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Bixa orellana Lin.	Med. Pl. in Ethnobot./Relig. Trads., Cuba (Carlomagno et al., 2015)
Bixa orellana Linn.	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) SOTWP 2016: Useful Pl. of W Tropical Africa (2015)

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