Plant Details

Accepted name:: Betula pubescens var. pubescens [Betulaceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( High Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Infraspecies of:: Betula pubescens Ehrh.
Infraspecies:: 5

Betula pubescens var. fragrans Ashburner & McAll.

Betula pubescens var. golitsinii (V.N.Vassil.) Tzvelev

Betula pubescens nothovar. kusmisscheffii (Regel) Gürke

Betula pubescens var. litwinowii (Doluch.) Ashburner & McAll.

Betula pubescens var. pumila (G.Zanoni ex Murray) Govaerts

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
birch	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
bouleau blanc	Other	Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
downy birch	Other	Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
leaf		Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
leaf, bark, leaf bud		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 158 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Betula alba L. Sp. Pl.: 982 (1753), nom. rej.
Betula odorata Bechst. Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 2: 73 (1799).
Betula tomentosa Reitter & Abeleven Abbild. Deut. Holzart. 1: 17 (1805).
Betula acuminata Kindb. Bot. Not. 1909: 119 (1909), nom. illeg.
Betula alba lusus asplenifolia Regel Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13(2): 84 (1861).
Betula alba var. carpatica (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Regel Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(II): 404 (1865), nom. superfl.
Betula alba lusus carpatica (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Regel Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13(2): 79 (1861).
Betula alba var. communis Hartm. Handb. Skand. Fl.: 341 (1820).
Betula alba var. fragilis Lilj. Utkast Sv. Fl.: 192 (1792).
Betula alba var. friesii Regel Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(II): 404 (1865).
Betula alba var. frutescens Wallr. Sched. Crit.: 495 (1822).
Betula alba var. glabrata (Wahlenb.) Muñoz Garm. & Pedrol Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 44: 599 (1987).
Betula alba var. glutinosa Trautv. ex Regel Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13(2): 78 (1861).
Betula alba subsp. glutinosa (Trautv. ex Regel) Holub Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 24: 426 (1989).
Betula alba var. hornemannii (Regel) Regel in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 167 (1868).
Betula alba var. hornemannii Regel Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(II): 403 (1865).
Betula alba lusus ledebourii Regel Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13(2): 81 (1861).
Betula alba var. lupulina Wallr. Sched. Crit.: 495 (1822).
Betula alba subsp. odorata (Bechst.) Dippel Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 172 (1891).
Betula alba var. ovata Neilr. Fl. Nied.-Oesterr.: 235 (1859).
Betula alba lusus parvifolia Regel Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13(2): 84 (1861).
Betula alba var. parvifolia (Regel) Regel Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(II): 403 (1865).
Betula alba lusus pendula Regel Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13(2): 81 (1861), nom. illeg.
Betula alba var. pontica P.Watson Dendrol. Brit. 2: t. 94 (1825).
Betula alba var. rhombifolia (Tausch) Regel in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 167 (1868).
Betula alba lusus rhombifolia (Tausch) Regel Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13(2): 78 (1861).
Betula alba var. rhombifolia (Tausch) Regel Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38(II): 404 (1865).
Betula alba var. torfacea Custor Flora 20(Beibl. 1): 41 (1837).
Betula alba var. typica Trautv. Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 249 (1859), not validly publ.
Betula alba var. urticifolia Loudon Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 3: 1692 (1838).
Betula alba var. vulgaris Aiton Hort. Kew. 3: 336 (1789).
Betula ambigua Hampe ex Rchb. Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 12: 2 (1850).
Betula andreji V.N.Vassil. Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 19: 90 (1959).
Betula asplenifolia Regel in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 167 (1868), pro syn.
Betula aurea Steud. Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 201 (1840).
Betula baicalia V.N.Vassil. Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 18: 73 (1957).
Betula borysthenica Klokov Bot. Zhurn. (Kiev) 3: 18 (1947).
Betula broccembergensis Bechst. Forstbot., ed. 5: 297 (1814).
Betula callosa Notø Tromsø Mus. Aarsh. 23: 158 (1901).
Betula canadensis K.Koch Dendrologie 2(2): 656 (1873).
Betula carpatica Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 4: 464 (1805).
Betula carpatica f. duplicatoserrata Kindb. Bot. Not. 1909: 117 (1909).
Betula carpatica var. hercynica Rchb. Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 12: 2 (1850).
Betula concinna Gunnarsson in C.A.M.Lindman, Sv. Fanerogamfl.: 202 (1918).
Betula coriacea Gunnarsson in C.A.M.Lindman, Sv. Fanerogamfl.: 201 (1918), nom. illeg.
Betula coriifolia Tausch ex Regel in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 168 (1868).
Betula dalecarlica L.f. Suppl. Pl.: 416 (1782).
Betula friesii Larss. ex Hartm. Handb. Skand. Fl., ed. 3: 376 (1838).
Betula friesii var. oxyodontia Kindb. Bot. Not. 1909: 118 (1909).
Betula friesii var. oxyodontia Kindb. Bot. Not. 1909: 118 (1909).
Betula friesii var. subalpina Larss. ex Kindb. Bot. Not. 1909: 118 (1909).
Betula glabra Dumort. Fl. Belg.: 11 (1827).
Betula glauca Wender. Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 4: 291 (1846).
Betula glauca Wender. Schriften Ges. Beförd. Gesammten Naturwiss. Marburg 2: 263 (1831).
Betula glutinosa Wallr. Sched. Crit.: 497 (1822), nom. illeg.
Betula hackelii Opiz ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 201 (1840).
Betula jacutica V.N.Vassil. Trudy Inst. For. Acad. Sci. URSS 37: 137 (1958).
Betula krylovii G.V.Krylov Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 39: 251 (1954).
Betula laciniata Blom Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 7: 156 (1786).
Betula laciniata Thunb. Betula: 10 (1807), nom. illeg.
Betula lenta Du Roi Harbk. Baumz. 1: 92 (1772).
Betula lucida Courtois in A.L.S.Lejeune, Rev. Fl. Spa: 252 (1825).
Betula macrostachya Schrad. ex Regel in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16: 187 (1869).
Betula major Gilib. Exerc. Phyt. 2: 400 (1792), opus utique oppr.
Betula megaloptera Kindb. Bot. Not. 1909: 119 (1909).
Betula microdontia Kindb. Bot. Not. 1909: 119 (1909).
Betula murithii Gaudin ex Regel in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 168 (1868).
Betula nigricans Wender. Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 4: 291 (1846).
Betula odorata var. alpigena Blytt Haandb. Norges Fl.: 402 (1874).
Betula odorata f. incisa Kindb. Bot. Not. 1909: 116 (1909).
Betula odorata subsp. integrifolia Larss. ex Kindb. Bot. Not. 1909: 116 (1909).
Betula ovata K.Koch Linnaea 22: 333 (1849).
Betula platyodontia Kindb. Bot. Not. 1909: 118 (1909).
Betula pontica Loudon Encycl. Pl.: 720 (1855).
Betula populifolia Aiton Hort. Kew. 3: 336 (1789), nom. illeg.
Betula pubescens f. amoena Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 110 (1856).
Betula pubescens var. appressa Kallio & Y.Mäkinen Ann. Univ. Turku, A 60: 58 (1978).
Betula pubescens f. auriculata Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 108 (1856).
Betula pubescens f. barbara Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 105 (1856).
Betula pubescens subsp. callosa (Notø) Á.Löve & D.Löve Acta Horti Gothob. 20: 140 (1956).
Betula pubescens var. carpatica (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Wimm. & Grab. Fl. Siles. 2(2): 348 (1829), nom. superfl.
Betula pubescens subsp. carpatica (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Asch. & Graebn. Fl. Nordostdeut. Flachl.: 253 (1898).
Betula pubescens f. columnaris T.Ulvinen Ann. Bot. Fenn. 36: 34 (1999).
Betula pubescens subsp. concinna (Gunnarsson) Á.Löve & D.Löve Acta Horti Gothob. 20: 140 (1956).
Betula pubescens f. cordata Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 111 (1856).
Betula pubescens var. cryptocarpa Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 109 (1857).
Betula pubescens f. curtipendula Laest. Bor. Not. 1856: 109 (1856).
Betula pubescens var. denudata Gren. & Godr. Fl. France Corse 3: 148 (1855).
Betula pubescens f. depressa Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 110 (1856).
Betula pubescens f. dumetorum Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 108 (1856).
Betula pubescens f. falcata Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 105 (1856).
Betula pubescens var. friesii (Larss. ex Hartm.) Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur.: 672 (1881).
Betula pubescens var. glabra Fiek ex C.K.Schneid. Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 117 (1904).
Betula pubescens var. glabrata Wahlenb. Fl. Carpat. Princ.: 306 (1814).
Betula pubescens var. glutinosa (Trautv. ex Regel) Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur.: 672 (1881).
Betula pubescens subsp. glutinosa (Trautv. ex Regel) Berher Fl. Vosges, ed. 2: 205 (1887).
Betula pubescens f. helvola Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 108 (1856).
Betula pubescens f. hibernifolia T.Ulvinen Memoranda Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 65: 133 (1989).
Betula pubescens f. hirsuta Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 111 (1856).
Betula pubescens f. horrida Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 110 (1856).
Betula pubescens f. latisquama Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 105 (1856).
Betula pubescens var. lucida (Courtois) Wesm. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 2: 147 (1863).
Betula pubescens f. ludens Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 110 (1856).
Betula pubescens var. media Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 107 (1857).
Betula pubescens var. megalocarpa Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 106 (1857).
Betula pubescens f. mellifera Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 108 (1856).
Betula pubescens subsp. murithii (Gaudin ex Regel) Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2: 282 (1890).
Betula pubescens proles murithii (Gaudin ex Regel) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 13: 519 (1912).
Betula pubescens var. murithii (Gaudin ex Regel) Gremli Excursionsfl. Schweiz, ed. 7: 365 (1893).
Betula pubescens f. nemoralis Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 107 (1856).
Betula pubescens f. nemorosa Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 107 (1856).
Betula pubescens var. nigricans (Wender.) Nyman Consp. Fl. Eur.: 672 (1881).
Betula pubescens subsp. nigricans Maire ex Just Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 228 (1896).
Betula pubescens var. oblongifolia Wimm. & Grab. Fl. Siles. 2(2): 348 (1829).
Betula pubescens f. obtusata Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 105 (1856).
Betula pubescens var. odorata (Bechst.) Juel, Cedergr. & Örtendahl Index Seminum (UPS, Upsaliensi) 1911: 6 (1912).
Betula pubescens subsp. odorata (Bechst.) E.F.Warb. in A.R.Clapham, T.G.Tutin & E.F.Warburg, Fl. Brit. Isles: 729 (1952).
Betula pubescens subsp. ovalifolia (Sukaczev) Printz Veg. Siber.-Mongol. Front.: 198 (1921).
Betula pubescens var. ovalifolia Sukaczev Izv. Imp. Akad. Nauk 8: 233 (1914).
Betula pubescens var. palmiformis Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 105 (1857).
Betula pubescens f. parallela Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 108 (1856).
Betula pubescens f. pendula Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 53 (1903).
Betula pubescens f. pendula-nana Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 53 (1903), nom. nud.
Betula pubescens f. populifomis Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 111 (1856).
Betula pubescens f. reticulata Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 111 (1856).
Betula pubescens subsp. rhombifolia (Tausch) Printz Veg. Siber.-Mongol. Front.: 199 (1921).
Betula pubescens var. rhombifolia (Tausch) Sukaczev Izv. Imp. Akad. Nauk 8: 233 (1914).
Betula pubescens f. rubra T.Ulvinen Memoranda Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 65: 135 (1989).
Betula pubescens var. rustica Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 104 (1857).
Betula pubescens var. sibakademica (Baran.) Kuzen. in V.L.Komarov, Fl. URSS 5: 296 (1936).
Betula pubescens var. silvatica Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 108 (1857).
Betula pubescens var. silvestris Laest. Bot. Not. 1857: 107 (1857).
Betula pubescens f. stenocarpa Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 109 (1856).
Betula pubescens var. subaequalis Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 109 (1857).
Betula pubescens var. subalpina Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 110 (1857).
Betula pubescens subsp. subarctica (Orlova) Á.Löve & D.Löve Bot. Not. 114: 51 (1961).
Betula pubescens f. suberecta Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 110 (1856).
Betula pubescens f. submontana Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 105 (1856).
Betula pubescens subsp. suecica Gunnarsson in C.A.M.Lindman, Sv. Fanerogamfl.: 203 (1918).
Betula pubescens f. torminalis Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 109 (1856).
Betula pubescens f. turgida Laest. Bot. Not. 1856: 109 (1856).
Betula pubescens f. urticifolia (Loudon) Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 52 (1903).
Betula pubescens var. vestita Gren. & Godr. Fl. France Corse 3: 148 (1855).
Betula rhombifolia Tausch Flora 38: 752 (1838).
Betula rotundata Beck Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 262 (1890).
Betula sajanensis V.N.Vassil. Trudy Inst. For. Acad. Sci. URSS 37: 131 (1958).
Betula sibakademica Baran. Izv. Zapadno-Sibirsk. Otd. Russk. Geogr. Obshch. 4(1): 52 (1924).
Betula sokolowii Regel in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 163 (1868).
Betula stenocarpa Kindb. Bot. Not. 1909: 117 (1909).
Betula subarctica Orlova Fl. Murmansk. Obl. 3: 124, 365 (1956).
Betula subarctica var. pojarkovae Tzvelev Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 34: 62 (2002).
Betula subodorata Kindb. Bot. Not. 1909: 118 (1909).
Betula torfacea (Custor) Schleich. Cat. Pl. Helv., ed. 4: 9 (1821).
Betula tricholepidea Kindb. Bot. Not. 1909: 118 (1909).
Betula tricholepidea subsp. stenoptera Kindb. Bot. Not. 1909: 118 (1909).
Betula urticifolia (Loudon) Regel Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13(2): 115 (1861).
Betula virgata Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 395 (1796), nom. superfl.
Betula × aurata var. rhombifolia (Tausch) Tzvelev Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 34: 60 (2002).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Betula alba	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
Betula alba L.	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
Betula odorata	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Betula pubescens Ehrh. ssp. pubescens	Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998)
Betula pubescens var. pubescens	WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
Betula tomentosa Reitter et Abel	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)

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