Plant Details

Accepted name:: Verbena officinalis L. [Verbenaceae]
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Source:: World Checklist of Vascular Plants
Infraspecies:: 2

Verbena officinalis var. africana (R.Fern. & Verdc.) Munir

Verbena officinalis var. officinalis

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
ayauhxochitl	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
bhekpadi	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
bluebird vine	Other	Med Pl. of Myanmar (DeFilipps & Krupnick, 2018)
bunj	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
common verbena	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
common vervain	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
echtes eisenkraut	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
eisenkraut	Other	E-Kommission: Unapproved Status (1984-1994) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
erva-de-ferro	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
european verbena	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
european verbena herb	Other	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010)
european vervain	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
faristariun	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
ferraria	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
fēng jǐng cǎo	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
gogerchin otu	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
herb of the cross	Other	Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
herb-of the-cross	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
herba verbenae	Pharmaceutical	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Pharmacop. of China (2005)
holy herb	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
holywort	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
hors whip	Other	Wild Med. Pl. Jordan (Al-Qura'n, 2009)
horse whip herb	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
juno s tears	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
juno's tears	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
järnört	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
kuma-tuzura	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
kumatsuzura	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
ma bian cao	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) TCM Pl. for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
ma bian tsao	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
ma pien ts'ao	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
mabiancao	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015) Med. Pl. at Markets of Honghe Prefect, SW China (Lee et al., 2008) Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015)
mine çiçeği	Other	Med. Pl. Trade Turkey (Özhatay et al., 1997)
minecicegi	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
mǎ biān cǎo	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
official vervain	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
pigeon's-grass	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
pigeons-grass	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pigeon’s grass	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
pittamari	Other	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
planta-da-sorte	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
ray-al-hamām	Other	Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
rejil al hamam	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
saal-ul-hamaam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
saung-daw-ku	Other	Med Pl. of Myanmar (DeFilipps & Krupnick, 2018)
shahpasand	Other	Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013)
shamakai	Other	Econ. & Ecolog. Important Pl. Commun., Pakistan (Sher et al., 2011) Ethnomed. of Marghazar Valley, Pakistan (Yousufzai et al., 2010)
shamakay	Other	Ethnobot. of Pl. Resources in Swat, Pakistan (Ali et al., 2011) Ethnopharm. Important Med. Pl., N Pakistan (Sher et al., 2010)
shmaky	Other	Med. Pl. of Tehsil Kabal, Pakistan (Khan et al., 2015)
shomakai	Other	Pl. for Snake/Scorpion Bite, N Pakistan (Butt et al., 2015)
simpler's joy	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
simpler's-joy	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
tiě mǎ biān	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
turkey-grass	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
verbena	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Med. Pl. in Ethnobot./Relig. Trads., Cuba (Carlomagno et al., 2015)
verbena commune	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
verbena herb	Other	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacop. 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
verbena medicinal	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
verbena officinalis	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
verbena officinalis whole	Other	Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) (FDA/NCATS, 2024)
verbena officinalis, flos	Other	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
verbena oficinal	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
verbenae herba	Pharmaceutical	E-Kommission: Unapproved Status (1984-1994) European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012) Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
vervain	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
verveine officinale	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacop.: Liste A (2000)
verveine officinelle	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
wild verbena	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
yě jīng jiè	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
zǐ dǐng lóng yá	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
رعي الحمام	Other	Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
紫顶龙芽	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
野荆芥	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
铁马鞭	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
风颈草	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
馬鞭草	Other	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
马鞭草	Other	GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) TCM Pl. for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
aerial parts	dried aerial parts	Pharmacop. of China (2010)
aerial parts		British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
whole plant		Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacop.: Liste A (2000)
aerial part		Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
Herb		Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007)
Whole plant		Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015)
Whole plant		Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Root, Leaves		Pl. for Snake/Scorpion Bite, N Pakistan (Butt et al., 2015)
aerial part	dried aerial part	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
whole shoot system		Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Leaf		Med Pl. of Myanmar (DeFilipps & Krupnick, 2018)
Whole plant		Med. Pl. of Tehsil Kabal, Pakistan (Khan et al., 2015)
Whole plant		Ethnopharm. Important Med. Pl., N Pakistan (Sher et al., 2010)
whole plant		Ethnobot. of Pl. Resources in Swat, Pakistan (Ali et al., 2011)
whole plant		Econ. & Ecolog. Important Pl. Commun., Pakistan (Sher et al., 2011)
Whole plant		Ethnomed. of Marghazar Valley, Pakistan (Yousufzai et al., 2010)
stem, root, aerial parts		Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
aerial parts		Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013)
herb		WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023)
aerial part		Med. Pl. at Markets of Honghe Prefect, SW China (Lee et al., 2008)
aerial part	dried aerial part	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022)
aerial part	dried aerial part	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021)
herb		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
aerial parts	dried aerial parts	Pharmacop. of China (2005)
aerial parts	whole or fragmented, dried aerial parts	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008)
aerial parts	whole or fragmented, dried aerial parts	European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007)
aerial parts		Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002)
leaf, stem		Wild Med. Pl. Jordan (Al-Qura'n, 2009)
flower		U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
flowering aerial parts	Whole or fragmented, dried aerial parts, collected during flowering	European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012)

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Verbena offcinalis L.	Sustainab. of Ethno-Med. Uses, N Pakistan (Adnan et al., 2006)
Verbena officinalis	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. Pl. Trade Turkey (Özhatay et al., 1997) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007) Trad. Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Verbena officinalis L.	British Pharmacop. 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacop. 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) Econ. & Ecolog. Important Pl. Commun., Pakistan (Sher et al., 2011) Ethnobot. in W Granada Province, Spain (Benítez et al., 2010) Ethnobot. of Pl. Resources in Swat, Pakistan (Ali et al., 2011) Ethnomed. of Marghazar Valley, Pakistan (Yousufzai et al., 2010) Ethnopharm. Important Med. Pl., N Pakistan (Sher et al., 2010) European Pharmacop., 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacop., 7th edn. (2012) European Red List of Medicinal Pl. (Allen et al., 2014) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) (FDA/NCATS, 2024) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med Pl. of Myanmar (DeFilipps & Krupnick, 2018) Med. & Pois. Pl. 1 (Padua et al., 1999) Med. Herbs Israel (Said et al., 2002) Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015) Med. Pl. Used by Tibetans in Shangri-La, Yunnan (Liu et al., 2009) Med. Pl. at Markets of Honghe Prefect, SW China (Lee et al., 2008) Med. Pl. in Markets of Mashhad, Iran (Amiri & Joharchi, 2013) Med. Pl. in Sardinia & Sicily: Sardinian Subset (Leonti et al., 2009) Med. Pl. in Sardinia & Sicily: Sicilian Subset (Leonti et al., 2009) Med. Pl. in the Medit.: Project Rubia (Gonzalez-Tejero et al., 2008) Med. Pl. of Tehsil Kabal, Pakistan (Khan et al., 2015) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Med. and Magical Pl. of S Africa (Arnold et al., 2002) Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998) Orders & Families of Med. Pl. in Philippines (Carag & Buot, 2017) Pharmacop. of China (2005) Pharmacop. of China (2010) Pharmacop. of China (2015) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Pl. Méd. de la Pharmacop.: Liste A (2000) Pl. for Snake/Scorpion Bite, N Pakistan (Butt et al., 2015) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) TCM Pl. for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2021) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 4th English ed. (MOHW, 2022) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2024) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2025) WHODrug Herbal Substances, Suppl. 2023 (WHO-UMC, 2023) Wild Med. Pl. Jordan (Al-Qura'n, 2009) Wild Med. Pl. Resources in Bulgaria (Hardalova et al., 1998) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Verbena officinalis L. subsp. officinalis	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
Verbena officinalis Lin.	Med. Pl. in Ethnobot./Relig. Trads., Cuba (Carlomagno et al., 2015)
Verbena officinalis Linn.	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
Verbena officinalis Linnaeus	Pl. & People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
Verbena officinalis Linné	E-Kommission: Unapproved Status (1984-1994) Korean Herbal Pharmacop. (2002)

The following online resources may contain further information about this plant. Please click on any link to search that resource. You may search using the accepted name alone OR using the accepted name and all of its synonyms simultaneously.