Plant Details

Accepted name:: Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz [Apocynaceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( High Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
acawerya	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
adakayi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
adkai	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
ahibhuka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ahilata	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ahimardani	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
aika-wairey	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
ajmaline	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
akar-tikos	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
amael podi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
amalpori	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
amelpodee	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
amelpodi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
arbre aux serpents	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
arsol	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
asarol saida	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
asrol	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
aulpurigida	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bhadra	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bhudra	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
bhujangakshi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
boboro	Other	Dizionario delle Erbe Med. (Suozzi, 1995)
bongmaiza	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
candrabhaga	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
candraka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
candramarah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
candrika	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
candrike	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
candrikā	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
cantiracurai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
carpakanta	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
carpakanti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
carppakantam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
carppakkantam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chaandar	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
chandamaruwa	Other	Plants and People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
chandmaruwa	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
chandra	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
chandra-bhaga amelpodi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chandrabhaga	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chandramāraḥ	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
chandrasura	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chandrika	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
chandrike	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
charmahantri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chhotaa chaand	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
chhotachand	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chivan amelpodi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chivan avelpori	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chivan melpodi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chivan-sarpagandhi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chivanamelpodi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chota cand	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chota chand	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chota-chand	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chotachand	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
chotachard	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
chundrika	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
chundrooshoora	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
churmuhuntree	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
chuvannavilpuri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chuvannayilpuri	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
chyarangro	Other	Plants and People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
civan mel poti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
civanapivalli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
covanamilpori	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
covannamilpodi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
covannamilpori	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
covannamipori	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
cuttiranapi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cuttiranavi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cuvanamilpoti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cuvanna amalpori	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cuvannavilpuri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
devilpepper	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
dhaldhaliya	Other	Plants and People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
dhanbarua	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
dhannerna	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
dhavalavitapa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
dhavalbaruaa	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
dhol borwa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
dogrikme	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
dumparaasna	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
dumparasna	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
eiya-kunda	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
ekaveriya	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
ekaweriya	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
gandhanakuli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
garuda	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
garuda paathaala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
garudapatala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
garudapathala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
garudpathal	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
haavukannina gida	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
hadaki	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
hadiki	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
hadki	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
harkai	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
harkaichanda	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
harkaya	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
harki	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ichneumon plant	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
indian snake	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
indian snakeroot	Other	Commonly Traded CITES-Listed Species in Primer (AHPA, 2013) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
indojaboku	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
ishwari	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
java devil pepper	Other	Timber Press Plant Names (Erhardt et al., 2009) World Economic Plants (Wiersema et al., 2013)
java devil-pepper	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
java-teufelspfeffer	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Timber Press Plant Names (Erhardt et al., 2009) World Economic Plants (Wiersema et al., 2013)
kaatuchenkuringipatchilai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
karai	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
karavi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
karuvee	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
mahaahigandha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mahasugandha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
makeshwar chadrika	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
makeshwarchurna	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
matavi-aloos	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
mukta	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mungusavel	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
na gu la	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nagagandha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nagasugandha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nakuladhya	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nakuleshta	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nakuli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nakuli-dvaya	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nakulikanda	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nandani	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
nogliever	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
nundunee	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
nākuli	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
oud-ol-hayyeh	Other	Traditional Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
paathaala gandhi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
paathaala garuda	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
paathaalagandhi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
paathaalagaruda	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pagal booti	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
pagal buti	Other	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
pagla-ka-dawa	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
palalganni	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
pampukala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pashumahanakarika	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
patala gani	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
patala garidi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
patalaagandhi	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
patalaganda	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
patalagandhi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
patalagaruda	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
patalgaani	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
patalganni	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
phanihantri	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
phulchiso	Other	Plants and People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
poeleh pandak	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
poelé pandak	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
pushoomehnunkarika	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
qauvolfia	Other	Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (2010)
ra-yom	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
radix mustelae	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
radix rauwolfiae	Pharmaceutical	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
radixmungo	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
raiz de mongo alba	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
raktapatrika	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rametul	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
rasna	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ratekaweriya	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
rauvolfia	Other	Les Plantes Arom. et Med. (Bremness, 1996) Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
rauvolfia root	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
rauvolfiae radix	Pharmaceutical	Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (2010)
rauwalfia	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
rauwolfia	Other	Dizionario delle Erbe Med. (Suozzi, 1995) GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Kräuter Gewürze und Heilpflanzen (Bremness, 1994) Les Plantes Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) World Economic Plants (Wiersema et al., 2013)
rauwolfia radix	Pharmaceutical	Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002)
rauwolfia serpentina	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
rauwolfiae radix	Pharmaceutical	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
rauwolfiawurzel	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
rayom noi	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
reserpina	Other	Dizionario delle Erbe Med. (Suozzi, 1995)
sanochado	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
sapasan	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
sapasanda	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sarap gandha	Other	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
sarap-gandha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sarpa gandhi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sarpagaanthi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sarpaganda	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sarpagandha	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) MAPs in Makawanpur District, Central Nepal (Bhattarai et al., 2017) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Plants and People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
sarpagandhakhya	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sarpagandhi	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
sarpagandhā (root)	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
sarpakshi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sarpangi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sarpasugandha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sarpgandha	Other	Medicinal Plant Marketing in Bangladesh (Dixie et al., 2003) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
sarppaganti	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
schlangenholz	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
serpentina	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
serpentina indiana	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
serpentina root	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
serpentine	Other	Plants and People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
serpentine wood	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
serpentine-wood	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
serpentwood	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
she gen mu	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
shegen mu	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
shiva naabhi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shivanabhi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
siruvalipatchilai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sivan amalpodi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sivanabhi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sjouanna-amelpodi	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
snake	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
snake-root devil-pepper	Other	Commonly Traded CITES-Listed Species in Primer (AHPA, 2013)
snakeroot	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
snakewood	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999)
soothra naabhi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sovannamilbori	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sugandha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sung	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
surasa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
surpadini	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sutranaabhu	Other	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
sutranabhi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sutranabi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
suvaha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
suvapaval-amepodi	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
talona	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
talunni	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tsjovanna amelpodi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tsjovanna-amelpodi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tsjovannaamelpodi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tulunni	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vanduvazha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vantuvala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vasara	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vasoopooshpa	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
vasupushpa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vasura	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
vishamardani	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vishamardanika	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vishanashini	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
vyalangandha	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
yindu she mu	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
yindu shemu	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
عودالحیّه	Other	Traditional Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
ඒකාවේරිය	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
root		Les Plantes Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000)
root	dried root, sometimes having fragments of rhizome and aerial stem bases attached	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
Root		MAPs in Makawanpur District, Central Nepal (Bhattarai et al., 2017)
Root		Traditional Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Root		WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019)
Juice, Leaves, Roots		Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
Root		Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
root	dried root	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
root		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
root	dried root	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
root	dried root	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011)
root		Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002)
root	air dried root	Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
root	vegetal drug	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)
Root		Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008)
root	roots	Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (2010)
root	dried root; sometimes having fragments of rhizome and aerial stem bases attached	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 8 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Ophioxylon obversum Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 405 (1857).
Ophioxylon serpentinum L. Sp. Pl.: 1043 (1753).
Ophioxylon trifoliatum Gaertn. Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 123 (1790).
Ophioxylon album Gaertn. Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 129 (1790).
Ophioxylon salutiferum Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 146 (1796).
Rauvolfia obversa (Miq.) Baill. Hist. Pl. 10: 171 (1888).
Rauvolfia serpentina var. obversa (Miq.) Bakh.f. Blumea 6: 386 (1950).
Rauvolfia trifoliata (Gaertn.) Baill. Hist. Pl. 13: 171 (1895).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Ophioxylon obversum	Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Ophioxylon serpentinum L.	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Ophioxylon serpentium	Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Traditional Persian Med. Pl. Database (Rahimi et al., 2018)
Ophioxylon trifoliatum	Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Rauvolfia sarpentina	Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Rauvolfia serpentina	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020) Commonly Traded CITES-Listed Species in Primer (AHPA, 2013) Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Europe's Med. Pl. (Lange, 1998) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (2015)
Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. Ex Kurz	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2008) Dizionario delle Erbe Med. (Suozzi, 1995) Farmacopeia Brasileira, 5th edn. (2010) GRIN Report: World Economic Plants (Wiersema, 1999) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Kräuter Gewürze und Heilpflanzen (Bremness, 1994) Les Plantes Arom. et Med. (Bremness, 1996) MAPs in Makawanpur District, Central Nepal (Bhattarai et al., 2017) Med. & Pois. Pl. 1 (Padua et al., 1999) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) SOTWP 2016: PROTA (2015) Timber Press Plant Names (Erhardt et al., 2009) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) World Economic Plants (Wiersema et al., 2013) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Rauvolfia serpentina (Linnaeus) Bentham ex Kurz	Plants and People of Nepal (Manandhar, 2002)
Rauvolfia serpentina Benth.	SOTWP 2016: Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa (2015)
Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz	SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (2015)
Rauvolvia serpentina	Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Rauvolﬁa serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz	Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017)
Rauwolfia (Linné) Bentham ex Kurz	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
Rauwolfia serpentina	Medicinal Plant Marketing in Bangladesh (Dixie et al., 2003) Substances in Medicines, Australia (TGA, 2007)
Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Bentham	Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997)
Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Bentham ex Kurz	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Bth. ex Kurz	Conservation of Indonesian Medicinal Plants (Cahyaningsih, 2020)
Rauwolfia serpentina (Linn.) Benth. ex Kurz	Ayurvedic Pharm. of India (1999-2011) Unani Pharmacopoeia India (2007-2008)
Rauwolfia serpentina (Linne) Bentham ex Kurz	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz	Les Plantes Méd. de la Pharmacopée: Liste A (2000) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
Rauwolfia serpentina Bentham	Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002)
Rauwolfia serpentina L.	Med. Pl. Braz. Pharm. (Brandão et al., 2006)

The following online resources may contain further information about this plant. Please click on any link to search that resource. You may search using the accepted name alone OR using the accepted name and all of its synonyms simultaneously.

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