Plant Details

Accepted name:: Apocynum cannabinum L. [Apocynaceae]
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Source:: World Checklist of Vascular Plants

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
american hemp	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
american-hemp	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
amerikanisches hundsgift	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
amyroot	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
apocyn chanvrin	Other	GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
apocynum cannabinum whole	Other	Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) (FDA/NCATS, 2024)
bitterroot	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
canada hemp	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
canadian hemp	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cáñamo indio	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
dogbane	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
hemp	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
hemp dogbane	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
hint keneviri	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016)
indian hemp	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
indian physic	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
indian-hemp	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
indianhampa	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024)
prairie dogbane	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
rheumatism weed	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
spreading dogbane	Other	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
root		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 90 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Apocynum album Greene Pittonia 3: 230 (1897).
Apocynum angustifolium Wooton Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 159 (1913), nom. illeg.
Apocynum arenarium Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 173 (1912).
Apocynum bebbianum Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 168 (1912).
Apocynum bolanderi Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 175 (1912).
Apocynum breweri Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 176 (1912).
Apocynum canadense Shecut Fl. Carol. 1: 187 (1806).
Apocynum carolinii Nieuwl. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 53 (1913).
Apocynum cervinum Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 174 (1912).
Apocynum cinereum Nieuwl. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 56 (1913), nom. illeg.
Apocynum cordigerum Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 164 (1911).
Apocynum cuspidatum Greene ex Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 115 (1913).
Apocynum densiflorum Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 176 (1912).
Apocynum dictyotum Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 169 (1912).
Apocynum dimidiatum Raf. Autik. Bot.: 181 (1840).
Apocynum estellinum Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 165 (1912).
Apocynum farwellii Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 168 (1912).
Apocynum greeneanum Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 111 (1913).
Apocynum hypericifolium Aiton Hortus Kew. 1: 304 (1789).
Apocynum isophyllum Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 166 (1912).
Apocynum ithacense Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 170 (1912).
Apocynum laurinum Greene Pittonia 5: 65 (1902).
Apocynum littorale Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 171 (1912).
Apocynum longifolium Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 177 (1912).
Apocynum macounii Greene ex Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 115 (1913).
Apocynum missouriense Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 165 (1912).
Apocynum myrianthum Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 59 (1904).
Apocynum nemorale G.S.Mill. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13: 87 (1900).
Apocynum neogeum Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 108 (1913).
Apocynum nevadense Goodd. Bot. Gaz. 37: 57 (1904).
Apocynum oblongum Greene Pittonia 5: 65 (1902).
Apocynum oliganthum Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 58 (1904).
Apocynum palustre Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 1: 58 (1904).
Apocynum piscatorium Douglas ex A.DC in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 439 (1844).
Apocynum platyphyllum Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 166 (1912).
Apocynum procerum Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 169 (1912).
Apocynum pubescens Mitch. ex R.Br. Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 68 (1811).
Apocynum purpureum Tausch Flora 19(2): 385 (1836).
Apocynum salignum Greene Pittonia 5: 64 (1902).
Apocynum sibiricum Jacq. Hort. Bot. Vindob. 3: 37 (1777).
Apocynum subuligerum Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 171 (1912).
Apocynum suksdorfii Greene Pittonia 5: 65 (1902).
Apocynum thermale Greene Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 176 (1912).
Apocynum tomentulosum Nieuwl. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 166 (1913).
Apocynum venetum A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 440 (1844), nom. illeg.
Forsteronia pavonii A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 438 (1844).
Apocynum cannabinum var. album (Greene) Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 105 (1913).
Apocynum cannabinum var. angustifolium N.H.Holmgren in A.J.Cronquist & al., Intermount. Fl. 4: 28 (1984).
Apocynum cannabinum f. arenarium (Greene) B.Boivin Naturaliste Canad. 93: 128 (1966).
Apocynum cannabinum var. bolanderi (Greene) Bég. & Belosersky Rev. Monogr. Apocynum: 108 (1913).
Apocynum cannabinum subsp. cordigerum (Greene) Á.Löve & D.Löve Taxon 31: 352 (1982).
Apocynum cannabinum var. estellinum (Greene) Bég. & Belosersky Rev. Monogr. Apocynum: 107 (1913).
Apocynum cannabinum var. floribundum Bég. & Belosersky Rev. Monogr. Apocynum: 108 (1913).
Apocynum cannabinum var. glaberrimum A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 439 (1844).
Apocynum cannabinum var. greeneanum (Bég. & Belosersky) Woodson Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 17: 132 (1930).
Apocynum cannabinum var. hypericifolium (Aiton) A.Gray Manual: 365 (1848).
Apocynum cannabinum var. incanum Bég. & Belosersky Rev. Monogr. Apocynum: 101 (1913).
Apocynum cannabinum var. isophyllum (Greene) Bég. & Belosersky Rev. Monogr. Apocynum: 107 (1913).
Apocynum cannabinum var. lanceolatum Durand & Hilg. Pl. Heermannianae: 41 (1854).
Apocynum cannabinum var. nemorale (G.S.Mill.) Fernald Rhodora 10: 55 (1908).
Apocynum cannabinum var. oliganthum Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 104 (1913).
Apocynum cannabinum var. palustre Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 103 (1913).
Apocynum cannabinum f. pennsilvanicum Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 103 (1913).
Apocynum cannabinum var. puberulum Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 101 (1913).
Apocynum cannabinum var. pubescens (Mitch. ex R.Br.) A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 440 (1844).
Apocynum cannabinum f. pubescens (Mitch. ex R.Br.) Voss Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 660 (1894).
Apocynum cannabinum var. suksdorfii (Greene) Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 105 (1913).
Apocynum cannabinum var. typicum Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 690 (1913), not validly publ.
Apocynum farwellii f. anomalum Farw. Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 17: 170 (1916).
Apocynum farwellii var. glaucum Farw. Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 17: 170 (1916).
Apocynum farwellii f. ternarium Farw. Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 17: 170 (1916).
Apocynum farwellii f. verticillare Farw. Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 17: 170 (1916).
Apocynum hypericifolium var. angustifolium Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 120 (1913).
Apocynum hypericifolium f. arenarium (Greene) F.C.Gates Torreya 11: 128 (1911).
Apocynum hypericifolium var. cordigerum (Greene) Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 114 (1913).
Apocynum hypericifolium var. farwellii (Greene) Woodson Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 17: 140 (1930).
Apocynum hypericifolium var. intermedium Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 113 (1913).
Apocynum hypericifolium var. myrianthum (Greene) Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 118 (1913).
Apocynum hypericifolium var. nevadense (Goodd.) Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 115 (1913).
Apocynum hypericifolium var. oblongum (Greene) Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 119 (1913).
Apocynum hypericifolium var. salignum (Greene) Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 118 (1913).
Apocynum hypericifolium var. typicum Bég. & Belosersky Atti Reale Accad. Lincei, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis., ser. 5a, 9: 703 (1913), not validly publ.
Apocynum sibiricum f. arenarium (Greene) Fernald Rhodora 37: 328 (1935).
Apocynum sibiricum var. cordigerum (Greene) Fernald Rhodora 37: 327 (1935).
Apocynum sibiricum var. farwellii (Greene) Woodson in N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 29: 192 (1938).
Apocynum sibiricum var. salignum (Greene) Fernald Rhodora 37: 328 (1935).
Apocynum suksdorfii var. angustifolium (Bég. & Belosersky) Woodson Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 17: 119 (1930).
Apocynum suksdorfii var. typicum Greene Pittonia 5: 65 (1902), not validly publ.
Cynopaema cannabinum (L.) Lunell Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 509 (1916).
Cynopaema hypericifolium (Aiton) Lunell Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 509 (1916).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Apocynum album Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum angustifolium Wooton	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum arenarium Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum bebbianum Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum bolanderi Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum breweri Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum camrabinum	Handbook African Med. Pl. (Iwu, 1993)
Apocynum canadense Shecut	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum cannabinum	Dr. Duke's Databases: Ethnobotanical Subset (Duke, 2016) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007)
Apocynum cannabinum L.	Dr. Duke's Databases: Phytochemical Subset. (Duke, 2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) GRIN-Global Taxonomy (USDA, 2024) Global Substance Registration System (GSRS) (FDA/NCATS, 2024) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Native American Ethnobot.(Moerman, 1998) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 1999) SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2024) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2025) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012)
Apocynum carolinii Nieuwl.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum cervinum Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum cinereum Nieuwl.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum cordigerum Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum cuspidatum Greene ex BÃ©g. & Belosersky	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum densiflorum Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum dictyotum Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum dimidiatum Raf.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum estellinum Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum farwellii Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum greeneanum BÃ©g. & Belosersky	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum hypericifolium Aiton	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum isophyllum Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum ithacense Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum laurinum Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum littorale Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum longifolium Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum macounii Greene ex BÃ©g. & Belosersky	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum missouriense Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum myrianthum Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum nemorale G.S.Mill.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum neogeum BÃ©g. ex Belosersky	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum nevadense Goodd.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum oblongum Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum oliganthum Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum palustre Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum piscatorium Douglas ex A.DC.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum platyphyllum Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum procerum Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum pubescens Mitch. ex R.Br.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum purpureum Tausch	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum salignum Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum sibiricum Jacq.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum subuligerum Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum suksdorfii Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum thermale Greene	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum tomentulosum Nieuwl.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Apocynum venetum A.DC.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)
Forsteronia pavonii A.DC.	SEPASAL Database (RBG, Kew, 2020)

The following online resources may contain further information about this plant. Please click on any link to search that resource. You may search using the accepted name alone OR using the accepted name and all of its synonyms simultaneously.