Plant Details

Accepted name:: Manihot esculenta Crantz [Euphorbiaceae]
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Source:: World Checklist of Vascular Plants

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
aipim	Other	Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007) Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008)
al-vallik-kizhangu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
allvalli kizhangu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
alu-kand	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
alvalli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
alvallikkilanku	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
añaha	Other	Med. Pl. E Nicaragua (Coe et al., 1996)
bahia best tapioca	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
bahia ordinary tapioca	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
bankye	Other	Med. Pl. for Diarrhoea & Ulcer in Ghana (Henry et al., 2013)
baragaalada gedde	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
bataaqo	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Abui Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
bitter cassada	Other	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
bitter cassava	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
bodin	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
brazil arrowroot	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
brazilian arrow	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
brazilian arrowroot	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
bullet tapioca	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
cassada	Other	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
cassava	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994) Med. Pl. for Diarrhoea & Ulcer in Ghana (Henry et al., 2013) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Polyglot Asian Med.: Abui Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Trade in African Med. Pl., Belgium (van Andel & Fundiko, 2016) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
cassava bread	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
cavarikkattai	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cavvatu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
chinamulaku	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
cinakkantal	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
darukandah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
elilaikkilanku	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
elilaivalli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
elilaivallikkilanku	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
elilakkilannu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ezhalai kizhangu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
ezhilakkizhannu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
gidada genasu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
granulated tapioca	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
groult's cream of tapioca	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
gé shǔ	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
iik	Other	Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994) Med. Pl. for Diabetes in C America (Giovannini et al., 2016)
inarmelitacceti	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
inarmelitam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kaadu genasu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kadugenasu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kalidala gida	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kaligala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kalpakandah	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kamoteng kahoy	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
kanagala	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kanagale	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kanagilu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
karrapendalam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
karrapendalamu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
kasaba	Other	Med. Pl. Trade in Suriname (van Andel et al., 2007)
kasawe	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
kassave	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
katela budin	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
katela mantri	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
kattumaravallikkilanku	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
koi	Other, Pharmaceutical	Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019)
kollikkilannu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
macacheira	Other	Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007) Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008)
macaxeira	Other	Hypothesis to Local Pharmacop., Brazil (Lozano et al., 2014)
malaiccarkkaraivalli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mandioca	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Hypothesis to Local Pharmacop., Brazil (Lozano et al., 2014) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007) Med. Pl. Traded in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Leitão et al., 2014) Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008) Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2021) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
mandioca-branca	Other	Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007) Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008)
mandioca-roxa	Other	Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007) Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008)
mangnokka	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
manihot	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
manioc	Other	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020) Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
manioc amer	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
maniok	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
manioko	Other	Trade in African Med. Pl., Belgium (van Andel & Fundiko, 2016)
maniva	Other	Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007) Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008)
manupendalam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
manupendalamu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mara genasu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maraccini	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maracheenie	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marachini	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maragenasu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maragyansu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marakilannu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marakkilannu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marakkilanu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marakkizhannu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maramchinikkizhannu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maramcinikilannu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maravalli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maravalli kizhangu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
maravallikkilanku	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maravallimaram	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maraveli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maravelikilannu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
maravelikkizhannu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marragenasu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
marravalli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mayarkkilanku	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mok su	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
mularavalli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
mù shǔ	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
nsakasaka	Other	Trade in African Med. Pl., Belgium (van Andel & Fundiko, 2016)
para arrowroot	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pavde-pharin	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
peruvalli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pilavayakkilanku	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pilavayam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pokok ubi kayu	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
pondu	Other	Trade in African Med. Pl., Belgium (van Andel & Fundiko, 2016)
portugalem-chimeni	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
prochugaali chine	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pulakkilannu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pulakkilannukappa	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
pulakkizhannu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
quauhayohuachtli	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016)
recivalli	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rio arrowroot	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
rio de janeiro tapioca	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
rough tapioca	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
sabbakshi	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sakkarkand	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
shimla-alu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
sikong	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
singkong	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
south american tapioca	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
sweet cassada	Other	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
sweet cassava	Other	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
sweet-potato-tree	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
tapioca	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. Pl. for Diarrhoea & Ulcer in Ghana (Henry et al., 2013) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
tapioca pearls	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
tapioca plant	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
tapioca starch	Other	British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 43 (2020)
tapioca-plant	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
tevatamuki	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
tevatamukikkilanku	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
turutavakkilanku	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
turutavam	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
ubi belanda	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
ubi benggala	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
ubi kayu	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
ubi keling	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
ubi paranchih	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
vacampuka	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
velikilanu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
velikkilannu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
velikkizhannu	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020)
west indian tapioca	Other	Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020)
yauhra	Other	Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994)
yuca	Other	Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Guía de la Col. de Pl. Med. de PCTY (Méndez González et al., 2016) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994) Med. Pl. in Ethnobot./Relig. Trads., Cuba (Carlomagno et al., 2015) Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019) Med. Pl. of the Achuar, Ecuador (Giovannini, 2015) Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2021) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009)
コウィ	Other	Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019)
木薯	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
葛薯	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
rhizome		British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
Root		Med. Pl. of the Achuar, Ecuador (Giovannini, 2015)
tuber	starch granules separated from the tubers	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016)
Leaves, Tubers		Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020)
leaf, frond		Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
leaves, roots		Guía de la Col. de Pl. Med. de PCTY (Méndez González et al., 2016)
leaf		Med. Pl. for Diarrhoea & Ulcer in Ghana (Henry et al., 2013)
leaves, root		Med. Pl. Trade in Suriname (van Andel et al., 2007)
root		Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019)
	liquid	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
tuber, leaves	fresh tuber, frozen ground leaves	Trade in African Med. Pl., Belgium (van Andel & Fundiko, 2016)
gum		Hypothesis to Local Pharmacop., Brazil (Lozano et al., 2014)
tubers		U.S. Pharmacop. USP 43 (2020)
root		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
tuber	granules	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 32 (2008)
leaf, root		Med. Pl. E Nicaragua (Coe et al., 1996)
starch		Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008)
starch		Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007)
leaf, root, starch		Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994)
tuber	starch granules separated from the tubers	U.S. Pharmacop. USP 37 (2013)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 71 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Manihot utilissima Pohl Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 32 (1827).
Janipha aipi (Pohl) J.Presl Wšeobecný Rostl. 2: 1342 (1846).
Janipha manihot (L.) Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 108 (1817).
Jatropha aipi (Pohl) Göpp. Offiz. Pfl. Gaert. Bot. Gart. Breslau: 113 (1857).
Jatropha diffusa (Pohl) Steud. Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 799 (1840).
Jatropha digitiformis (Pohl) Steud. Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 799 (1840).
Jatropha dulcis J.F.Gmel. Onomat. Bot. 5: 7 (1773).
Jatropha flabellifolia (Pohl) Steud. Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 799 (1840).
Jatropha glauca A.Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 250 (1850), nom. illeg.
Jatropha janipha Lour. Fl. Cochinch.: 585 (1790), nom. illeg.
Jatropha lobata var. richardiana Müll.Arg. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 1086 (1866).
Jatropha loureiroi (Pohl) Steud. Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 799 (1840).
Jatropha manihot L. Sp. Pl.: 1007 (1753).
Jatropha mitis Rottb. Acta Lit. Univ. Hafn. 1: 301 (1778).
Jatropha mitis Sessé & Moc. Naturaleza (Mexico City), ser. 2, 1(App.): 167 (1890), nom. illeg.
Jatropha paniculata Ruiz & Pav. ex Pax in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 147, II: 71 (1910).
Jatropha silvestris Vell. Fl. Flumin. 10: t. 83 (1831).
Jatropha stipulata Vell. Fl. Flumin. 10: 82 (1831).
Mandioca aipi (Pohl) Link Handbuch 2: 436 (1831).
Mandioca dulcis (J.F.Gmel.) D.Parodi Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 4: 127 (1877).
Mandioca utilissima (Pohl) Link Handbuch 2: 436 (1831).
Manihot aipi Pohl Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 29 (1827).
Manihot aipi var. lanceolata Pohl Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 31 (1827).
Manihot aipi var. latifolia Pohl Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 31 (1827).
Manihot aipi var. lutescens Pohl Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 31 (1827).
Manihot aypi Spruce J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: 10 (1861).
Manihot cannabina Sweet Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 458 (1830).
Manihot cassava Cook & Collins Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 8: 184 (1903), nom. nud.
Manihot diffusa Pohl Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 55 (1827).
Manihot digitiformis Pohl Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 36 (1827).
Manihot dulcis (J.F.Gmel.) Baill. Traité Bot. Méd. Phan. 2: 932 (1884).
Manihot dulcis var. aipi (Pohl) Pax in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 147, II: 71 (1910).
Manihot dulcis var. diffusa (Pohl) Pax in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 147, II: 71 (1910).
Manihot dulcis var. flabellifolia (Pohl) Pax in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 147, II: 72 (1910).
Manihot edule A.Rich. in R.de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 208 (1850).
Manihot esculenta subsp. alboerecta Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 31 (1942), nom. illeg.
Manihot esculenta var. argentea Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 31 (1942).
Manihot esculenta var. coalescens Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 31 (1942).
Manihot esculenta var. communis Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 32 (1942), nom. illeg.
Manihot esculenta var. debilis Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 31 (1942).
Manihot esculenta subsp. diffusa Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 32 (1942), nom. illeg.
Manihot esculenta var. digitifolia Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 31 (1942).
Manihot esculenta var. domingensis Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 32 (1942), nom. illeg.
Manihot esculenta var. fertilis Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 32 (1942), nom. illeg.
Manihot esculenta subsp. flabellifolia (Pohl) Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 31 (1942).
Manihot esculenta var. flavicaulis Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 31 (1942).
Manihot esculenta var. fuscescens Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 31 (1942).
Manihot esculenta subsp. grandifolia Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 31 (1942).
Manihot esculenta var. hispaniolensis Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 31 (1942), nom. illeg.
Manihot esculenta var. jamaicensis Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 32 (1942), nom. illeg.
Manihot esculenta var. luteola Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 31 (1942), nom. illeg.
Manihot esculenta var. mutabilis Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 32 (1942), nom. illeg.
Manihot esculenta var. nodosa Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 31 (1942).
Manihot esculenta var. pohlii Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 32 (1942), nom. illeg.
Manihot esculenta var. ramosissima Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 31 (1942), nom. illeg.
Manihot esculenta var. rufescens Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 32 (1942), nom. illeg.
Manihot esculenta var. sprucei Lanj. Euphorb. Surinam: 33 (1931).
Manihot esculenta var. zimmermannii Cif. Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 18: 32 (1942), nom. illeg.
Manihot flabellifolia Pohl Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 35 (1827).
Manihot flexuosa Pax & K.Hoffm. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 147, XVI: 195 (1924).
Manihot guyanensis Klotzsch ex Pax in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 147, II: 84 (1910), nom. nud.
Manihot loureiroi Pohl Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 55 (1827).
Manihot manihot (L.) H.Karst. Deut. Fl.: 588 (1882), not validly publ.
Manihot melanobasis Müll.Arg. Linnaea 34: 206 (1865).
Manihot palmata var. aipi (Pohl) Müll.Arg. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 1062 (1866).
Manihot palmata var. diffusa (Pohl) Müll.Arg. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 1062 (1866).
Manihot palmata var. digitiformis (Pohl) Müll.Arg. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 1063 (1833).
Manihot palmata var. flabellifolia (Pohl) Müll.Arg. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 1062 (1866).
Manihot sprucei Pax in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 147, I: 71 (1910).
Manihot utilissima var. castellana Pohl Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 34 (1827).
Manihot utilissima var. sutinga Pohl Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 34 (1827).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Manihot esculenta	Ayurvedic Med. Pl. of Sri Lanka (Samarasuriya et al., 2020) Duke's Ethnobot. DB: Ethnobot. (USDA, 1992-2016) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Polyglot Asian Med.: Abui Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) Trad. Med. of Bantu, Beni & Lubero (Kasika et al., 2014)
Manihot esculenta Crantz	Comm. Med. Pl. Harvesting, Suriname (van Andel & Havinga, 2008) Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Fijian Med. Pl. (Cambie & Ash, 1994) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Hypothesis to Local Pharmacop., Brazil (Lozano et al., 2014) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Japanese Pharmacop., 17th edn. (2016-2019) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Med. & Pois. Pl. NE Brazil (Agra et al., 2007) Med. Pl. E Nicaragua (Coe et al., 1996) Med. Pl. Latin America (Duke, 2009) Med. Pl. Nicarag. Atlantic Coast (Barrett, 1994) Med. Pl. Trade in Suriname (van Andel et al., 2007) Med. Pl. Traded in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Leitão et al., 2014) Med. Pl. for Diabetes in C America (Giovannini et al., 2016) Med. Pl. in N Peruvian Andes (Corroto et al., 2019) Med. Pl. in S Pacific (WHO, 1998) Med. Pl. of NE Brazil (Fátima Agra et al., 2008) Med. Pl. of the Achuar, Ecuador (Giovannini, 2015) Med. and Magical Pl. of S Africa (Arnold et al., 2002) Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2021) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) SOTWP 2016: PROTA (2015) SOTWP 2016: Useful Pl. & Fungi Project (2015) SOTWP 2016: Useful Pl. of W Trop. Africa (2015) Trade in African Med. Pl., Belgium (van Andel & Fundiko, 2016) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacop. (HPUS, 2009) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Manihot esculenta Crantz subsp. esculenta	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
Manihot esculenta Crantz.	Guía de la Col. de Pl. Med. de PCTY (Méndez González et al., 2016) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) Med. Pl. in Ethnobot./Relig. Trads., Cuba (Carlomagno et al., 2015) Orders & Families of Med. Pl. in Philippines (Carag & Buot, 2017) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2019 (WHO-UMC, 2019) WHODrug Herbal Substances 2024 (WHO-UMC, 2024)
Manihot utilisima	Med. Pl. for Diarrhoea & Ulcer in Ghana (Henry et al., 2013)
Manihot utilissima	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Kew's Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2020) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007)
Manihot utilissima Pohl	Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacop. USP 43 (2020)
Manihot utilissima Pohl.	British Pharmacop. 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) SOTWP 2016: Useful Pl. of W Trop. Africa (2015) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Manihot utillisima	Med. Pl. for Diarrhoea & Ulcer in Ghana (Henry et al., 2013)
Mannihot esculenta	Handbook African Med. Pl. (Iwu, 1993)

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