Plant Details

Accepted name:: Ginkgo biloba L. [Ginkgoaceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( High Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
arbol de los escudos	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
bai guo	Other	Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) TCM Plants for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
baiguo	Other	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
bái guǒ gēn	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
bạch quả	Other	Pl. in Trad. Med. Systems in Viet Nam (Ngoc Van & Tap, 2008)
common ginkgo	Other	U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
eun-haeng	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
eunhaengnamu	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
extractum folium ginkgo siccus	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
folium ginkgo	Pharmaceutical	Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014) Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
fossil tree	Other	Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
gin-nan	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
ginan	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
gingkgo	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
gingko biloba	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
ginkgo	Other	Annexo III: Veg. Drugs in Registry of Meds, Argentina (2009) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. Fitoterápicos no Brasil (Carvalho et al., 2008) Med. Pl. Traded in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Leitãoa et al., 2014) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
ginkgo balm	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
ginkgo biloba	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Med. Pl. Traded in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Leitãoa et al., 2014) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
ginkgo biloba leaf extract	Other	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
ginkgo folium	Pharmaceutical	E-Kommission: Unapproved Status (1984-1994) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015)
ginkgo leaf	Other	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacopoeia 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007) Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010)
ginkgo leaves	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
ginkgo seed	Other	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010)
ginkgo semen	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
ginkgo tablets	Other	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
ginkgo, hoja	Other	Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013)
ginkgo, hojas	Other	Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001)
ginkgo-biloba-blätter	Other	E-Kommission: Unapproved Status (1984-1994)
ginkgobaum	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
ginkgonis folium	Pharmaceutical	European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012)
ginkgonis semen	Pharmaceutical	Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002)
ginko	Other	Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020)
ginko biloba	Other	Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020)
ginkyo	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
gōng sūn shù	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
icho	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
ichō	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
ityo	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
kew tree	Other	Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
maidenhair tree	Other	Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
maidenhair tree called living fossils	Other	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
maidenhair-tree	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
nogueira-do-japão	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
noyer du japon	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
pei-wen	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
semen ginkgo	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
semen ginkgo bilobae	Pharmaceutical	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
tabellae folium ginkgo	Pharmaceutical	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
temple balm	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
yin guo	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
yin xing	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
yin xing ye	Other	Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
yinhsing	Other	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
yinxing	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015)
yinxingye	Other	Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014) Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
yinxingye pian	Other	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
yinxingye tiquwu	Other	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
yín xìng	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
yā jiǎo	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
yā zhǎng shù	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
公孙树	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
白果	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) TCM Plants for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
白果叶	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
白果根	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
銀杏葉	Other	Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014)
银杏	Other	Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
银杏叶	Other	Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
鸭掌树	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
鸭脚	Other	Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
leaf	dried leaf	Pharmacopoeia of China (2010)
leaf		British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
seed	ripe seed	Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005)
Hojas	Hojas desecadas	Annexo III: Veg. Drugs in Registry of Meds, Argentina (2009)
leaf	dried leaf	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016)
Leaf		Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007)
Fruit, Leaf		Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015)
Fruit		Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
ripe seed	dried ripe seed	Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018)
root, root bark		Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
		Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
leaf		U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020)
leaf	dried whole leaf	WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999)
seed, leaf		Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000)
leaf, seed		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
Seed		Pl. in Trad. Med. Systems in Viet Nam (Ngoc Van & Tap, 2008)
leaf	dried leaf	Pharmacopoeia of China (2005)
leaf	whole or fragmented, dried leaf	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008)
leaf	dried leaf	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
leaf	whole or fragmented, dried leaf	European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007)
seed		Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002)
leaf	dried leaf	Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001)
leaf		Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007)
leaf	Whole or fragmented, dried leaf	European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012)
leaf	dried leaf	U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013)
leaf		Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014)
leaf	dried leaves	Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012)
hojas secas		Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013)
leaf		Korean Pharmacopoeia, 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 31 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Ginkgo biloba f. adiantifolia Sprecher ex Tobler Ber. Deutsch. Bot .Ges. 58: 363 (1940).
Ginkgo biloba var. aurea (J.Nelson) A.Henry in H.J.Elwes & A.Henry, Trees Great Britain 1: 58 (1906).
Ginkgo biloba f. aurea (J.Nelson) Beissn. Handb. Conif.: 47 (1887).
Ginkgo biloba aureovariegata Sénécl. Conifères: 81 (1868).
Ginkgo biloba var. epiphylla Makino J. Jap. Bot. 6: 5 (1929).
Ginkgo biloba var. fastigiata A.Henry in H.J.Elwes & A.Henry, Trees Great Britain 1: 58 (1906).
Ginkgo biloba f. fastigiata (A.Henry) Rehder Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 1 (1949).
Ginkgo biloba f. laciniata (Carrière) Beissn. Handb. Conif.: 24 (1887).
Ginkgo biloba var. laciniata (Carrière) Carrière Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 712 (1867).
Ginkgo biloba var. latifolia L.Henry Rev. Hort. (Paris) 83: 83 (1911).
Ginkgo biloba var. longifolia L.Henry Rev. Hort. (Paris) 83: 82 (1911).
Ginkgo biloba f. macrophylla (Hartw. & Rümpler) Sprecher Ginkgo biloba: 178 (1907).
Ginkgo biloba var. macrophylla Hartw. & Rümpler Bäume Sträucher: 664 (1875).
Ginkgo biloba macrophylla-laciniata Sénécl. Conifères: 81 (1868).
Ginkgo biloba f. microsperma Sugim. J. Geobot. 24: 61 (1977).
Ginkgo biloba f. parvifolia Sugim. J. Geobot. 24: 61 (1977).
Ginkgo biloba f. pendula (Van Geert) Beissn. Handb. Conif.: 24 (1887).
Ginkgo biloba var. pendula (Van Geert) Carrière Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 713 (1867).
Ginkgo biloba var. triloba A.Henry in H.J.Elwes & A.Henry, Trees Great Britain 1: 58 (1906).
Ginkgo biloba f. variegata (Carrière) Beissn. Handb. Conif.: 25 (1887).
Ginkgo biloba var. variegata (Carrière) Carrière Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 712 (1867).
Ginkgo macrophylla K.Koch Dendrologie 2(2): 108 (1873).
Pterophyllus salisburiensis J.Nelson Pinaceae: 163 (1866), nom. illeg.
Pterophyllus salisburiensis aurea J.Nelson Pinaceae: 164 (1866).
Salisburia adiantifolia Sm. Trans. Linn. Soc. 3: 330 (1797), nom. illeg.
Salisburia adiantifolia var. laciniata Carrière Rev. Hort. (Paris), sér. 4, 3: 412 (1854).
Salisburia adiantifolia var. pendula Van Geert Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 1862: 62 (1862).
Salisburia adiantifolia var. variegata Carrière Rev. Hort. (Paris), sér. 4, 3: 412 (1854).
Salisburia biloba (L.) Hoffmanns. Verz. Pfl.-Kult.: 109 (1824).
Salisburia ginkgo Rich. Comm. Bot. Conif. Cycad.: 133 (1826), nom. illeg.
Salisburia macrophylla Reyn. Cat. Sénécl.: 40 (1854).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Gingko biloba	Out-Patient Herbs in Psychiatry, Sri Lanka (Kuruppuarachchi et al., 2008)
Gingko biloba Linné	Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia (2002)
Ginkgo biloba	Consv. of Indonesian Med. Pl. (Cahyaningsih, 2020) Med. Fitoterápicos no Brasil (Carvalho et al., 2008) Med. Pl. and Extracts Market News Service (Brinkmann et al., 2009) Polyglot Asian Med.: Malay Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007) Trad. Med. in Dali Prefecture, SW China (Zhang et al., 2014)
Ginkgo biloba L.	Annexo III: Veg. Drugs in Registry of Meds, Argentina (2009) British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacopoeia 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) Checklist of Korean Cult. Plants (Mun-Chan et al., 1986) Demand & Supply of Med. Pl. in India (Ved et al., 2017) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) Farmacopea Argentina, 8th edn. (2012) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexicanos (2013) Farmacopea Herbolaria Mexico (2001) GAP Prod. of TCM Herbs in China (Zhang et al., 2010) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbal Meds., 3rd edn. (Barnes et al., 2007) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Hong Kong Chinese Materia Med. Standards (2014) Illus. Chinese Materia Medica (Wu, 2005) Indian Med. Pl. Database (TDU, 2020) Med. Pl. Traded in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Leitãoa et al., 2014) Med. Pl. Used by Maonan People in China (Hong et al., 2015) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Pharmacopoeia of China (2005) Pharmacopoeia of China (2010) Pharmacopoeia of China (2015) Pl. Med. Totius Mundi (Penso & Proserpio, 1997) Pl. in Trad. Med. Systems in Viet Nam (Ngoc Van & Tap, 2008) Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022) SOTWP 2016: Kew Economic Botany Collection (RBG, Kew, 2015) TCM Plants for Syst. Bio. Evaluation (Eisenberg et al., 2011) Taiwan Herbal Pharmacop. 3rd Chinese ed. (MOHW, 2018) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 37 (2013) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 39 (2016) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 43 (2020) WHO Monographs Med. Pl. 1 (1999) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020) World Dictionary of Med. & Pois. Pl. (Quattrocchi, 2012) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)
Ginkgo biloba Linn.	Indian Med. Pl. Dictionary (Khare, 2007)
Ginkgo biloba Linne	Korean Pharmacopoeia, 10th edn. (MFDS, 2012) U.S. Pharmacopoeia USP 32 (2008)
Ginkgo biloba Linné	E-Kommission: Unapproved Status (1984-1994) Korean Pharmacopoeia, 9th edn. (2007)
Ginkgo bilobe L.	Polyglot Asian Med.: Chinese Subset (Stanley-Baker, 2022)
Ginko biloba	Ethnomedica (RBG, Kew, 2020)

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