Plant Details

Accepted name:: Betula pendula Roth [Betulaceae]
Source:: World Checklist ( High Taxonomic Confidence )
More about this plant:: Plants of the World Online
Infraspecies:: 3

Betula pendula subsp. mandshurica (Regel) Ashburner & McAll.

Betula pendula subsp. szechuanica (C.K.Schneid.) Ashburner & McAll.

Betula pendula subsp. pendula

Non-scientific name:	Class of name:	Medicinal source:
abedul	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
betula pendula, cortex	Other	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
betula pendula, folia	Other	U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
betulae cortex	Pharmaceutical	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
betulae folium	Pharmaceutical	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) EMA Com. Monog.: Betula spp., fol. (2006) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
betulae gemmae	Pharmaceutical	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
betulae pix	Pharmaceutical	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
betulla	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
betulla bianca	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
birch	Other	Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
birch leaf	Other	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacopoeia 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) EMA Com. Monog.: Betula spp., fol. (2006) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012)
birch tar	Other	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009)
birch tar oil	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018)
birch tar oil, rectified	Other	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
birke	Other	Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021)
birkenblätter	Other	E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994)
bouleau blanc	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
bouleau d'europe	Other	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009)
bouleau pleureur	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
chui zhi hua	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
common birch	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
european white birch	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
gemmae betulae	Pharmaceutical	Med. Pl. of the Russian Pharm. (Shikov, 2014)
hängebirke	Other	Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021)
silver birch	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)
vårtbjörk	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999)
weeping birch	Other	GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016)

Part(s) of plant used:	Drug form:	Medicinal source:
leaf		British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014)
folium		EMA Com. Monog.: Betula spp., fol. (2006)
bark, wood		Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018)
leaf, bark, leaf bud		Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004)
leaf	whole or fragmented dried leaves	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008)
wood	oil	Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008)
leaf	whole or fragmented dried leaf	European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007)
bark		U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009)
wood exudate	essential oil	ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009)
leaf	Whole or fragmented, dried leaves	European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012)

Kew's taxonomic resources include 3 scientific synonym(s) for this plant:

Betula alba var. pendula (Roth) St.-Lag. in A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8, 2: 745 (1889).
Betula alba lusus pendula (Roth) Regel Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 13(2): 76 (1861).
Betula alba var. pendula (Roth) W.T.Aiton Hortus Kew. 3: 336 (1789).

This plant is cited in medicinal sources using the following names:

Name as published:	Medicinal source:
Betula pendula	Europe's Med. Pl. (Lange, 1998) Med. Pl. and Extracts Market News Service (Brinkmann et al., 2009) Med. Pl. in Russia & C Asia (Mamedov et al., 2005) Substances in Meds., Australia (TGA, 2007)
Betula pendula Roth	British Pharmacopoeia 2009, Vol. 4 (2008) British Pharmacopoeia 2012, Vol. 4 (2011) British Pharmacopoeia 2015, Vol. 4 (2014) E-Kommission: Approved Status (1984-1994) EMA Com. Monog.: Betula spp., fol. (2006) European Pharmacopoeia, 6th edn. (2007) European Pharmacopoeia, 7th edn. (2012) Food Chemicals Codex, 11th edn. (USP, 2018) Food Chemicals Codex, 6th edn. (USP, 2008) GRIN Report: World Economic Pl. (Wiersema & León, 1999) Hagers Handbuch (Hänsel et al., 1992-1998) Herbs of Commerce (McGuffin et al., 2000) ISO 4720:2009 Essential Oils: Nomenclature (2009) Med. Pl. of the Russian Pharm. (Shikov, 2014) Med. Pl. of the World (Wyk & Wink, 2004) Tea and Herbal Infusions Europe Pl. Inventory (THIE, 2021) U.S. FDA Substance Registration System (2016) U.S. Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (HPUS, 2009) World Checklist of Useful Pl. Spp. (Diazgranados et al., 2020)
Betula pendula Roth.	SOTWP 2016: Pl. for Malaria, Pl. for Fever (Milliken, 2015) WHODrug Herbal Substances (WHO-UMC, 2019) Zhonghua Bencao: Materia Medica of China (1998)

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